boundary/sql-style-guide.md

# SQL Style Guide

This guide establishes the standards for SQL in Boundary.

## Purpose

These guidelines are designed to make our SQL more readable, maintainable, and greppable.

## Rules

### Formatting

- No tabs. 2 spaces per indent.
- No trailing whitespace.
- No more than two blank lines between statements.
- No empty lines in the middle of a single statement.
- Do not SHOUTCASE or "Sentence case" SQL keywords (e.g., use `select`, not `SELECT` or `Select`).

### Data Definition Statements

Keep the object of `create`, `alter`, `drop`, and `comment on` statements on the
same line as the statement.

### Tables

```sql
create table imaginary_basket (
  public_id wt_public_id primary key,
  store_id wt_public_id not null
    constraint imaginary_store_fkey
      references imaginary_store (public_id)
      on delete cascade
      on update cascade,
  basket_name text not null
    constraint basket_name_must_not_be_empty
      check(
        length(trim(basket_name)) > 0
      ),
  basket_type text not null default 'fruit_basket'
    constraint basket_type_enm_fkey
      references basket_type_enm (name)
      on delete restrict
      on update cascade,
  constraint imaginary_basket_store_id_basket_name_uq
    unique(store_id, basket_name)
);
comment on table imaginary_basket is
  'imaginary_basket is a table where each row is a resource that represents an imaginary shopping basket.';
```

For `create table` statements:

- Keep the `create table` statement and the name of the table on the same line.
- For columns, keep the column name, column type, `not null` (if applicable),
  and default value (if applicable) on the same line.
- Put the `primary key` declaration at the start of the `create table` statement.
- If the `primary key` is a single column, put the `primary key` declaration on
  the same line as the column name and column type.
- Put constraints for a single column on a new line indented under the column declaration.

**Constraints**:
- Name all constraints.
- Give `check` constraints a name that describes what rule the constraint is enforcing.
- The naming pattern for foreign key constraints is `reftable_fkey` where
  `reftable` is the name of the referenced table.
- The naming pattern for unique constraints is `tablename_col1_colx_uq` where
  `tablename` is the name of the table and `col1_colx` is the name of each
  column in the unique constraint.

### Functions

```sql
create or replace function colorize_basket(basket_id wt_public_id, basket_color text) returns void
as $$
begin
  ....
end;
$$ language plpgsql;
comment on function colorize_basket is
  'colorize_basket is a function ....';
```

For `create function` and `create or replace function` statements:

- Keep the `create function` statement, function name, function parameters and `returns` statement on the same line.

### Triggers

```sql
create trigger update_version_column after update of version, termination_reason, key_id, tofu_token, server_id, server_type on session
  for each row execute procedure update_version_column();
```

For `create trigger` statements:
- Keep the `create trigger` statement, trigger name, `before | after`, event
  name, and `on table_name` statement on the same line.
- Put the remaining statements on a new indented line.

### Domains

```sql
create domain wt_private_id as text not null
check(
  length(trim(value)) > 10
);
comment on domain wt_private_id is
  'Random ID generated with github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/base62';
```

For `create domain` statements:
- Keep the `create domain` statement, domain name, `as data_type`, `not null`
  (if applicable), and default value (if applicable) on the same line.
- Put check constraints on new lines.

### `comment on` statements

For `comment on` statements:

- Keep the `comment on` statement, object type, object name, and `is`
  statement on the same line.
- Put `comment on` statements directly below the database object the comment is on.
- Do not put any blank lines between the `comment on` statement and the database
  object declaration block that comment is for.
- Put the text of the `comment on` a new indented line.