terraform/internal/command/meta_backend_test.go

// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1

package command

import (
	"context"
	"io/ioutil"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"reflect"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"testing"

	"github.com/hashicorp/cli"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/addrs"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/backend"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/cloud"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/command/workdir"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/configs"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/configs/configschema"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/copy"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/plans"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/providers"
	testing_provider "github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/providers/testing"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/states"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/states/statefile"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/states/statemgr"

	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty"

	backendInit "github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/backend/init"
	backendLocal "github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/backend/local"
	backendInmem "github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/backend/remote-state/inmem"
)

// Test empty directory with no config/state creates a local state.
func TestMetaBackend_emptyDir(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	os.MkdirAll(td, 0755)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Get the backend
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Write some state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	s.WriteState(testState())
	if err := s.PersistState(nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	// Verify it exists where we expect it to
	if isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename) {
		t.Fatalf("no state was written")
	}

	// Verify no backup since it was empty to start
	if !isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension) {
		t.Fatal("backup state should be empty")
	}

	// Verify no backend state was made
	if !isEmptyState(filepath.Join(m.DataDir(), DefaultStateFilename)) {
		t.Fatal("backend state should be empty")
	}
}

// check for no state. Either the file doesn't exist, or is empty
func isEmptyState(path string) bool {
	fi, err := os.Stat(path)
	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
		return true
	}

	if fi.Size() == 0 {
		return true
	}

	return false
}

// Test a directory with a legacy state and no config continues to
// use the legacy state.
func TestMetaBackend_emptyWithDefaultState(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	os.MkdirAll(td, 0755)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Write the legacy state
	statePath := DefaultStateFilename
	{
		f, err := os.Create(statePath)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}
		err = writeStateForTesting(testState(), f)
		f.Close()
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}
	}

	// Get the backend
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
	}
	if actual := s.State().String(); actual != testState().String() {
		t.Fatalf("bad: %s", actual)
	}

	// Verify it exists where we expect it to
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
	}

	stateName := filepath.Join(m.DataDir(), DefaultStateFilename)
	if !isEmptyState(stateName) {
		t.Fatal("expected no state at", stateName)
	}

	// Write some state
	next := testState()
	next.SetOutputValue(
		addrs.OutputValue{Name: "foo"}.Absolute(addrs.RootModuleInstance),
		cty.StringVal("bar"), false,
	)
	s.WriteState(next)
	if err := s.PersistState(nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	// Verify a backup was made since we're modifying a pre-existing state
	if isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension) {
		t.Fatal("backup state should not be empty")
	}
}

// Test an empty directory with an explicit state path (outside the dir)
func TestMetaBackend_emptyWithExplicitState(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	os.MkdirAll(td, 0755)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Create another directory to store our state
	stateDir := t.TempDir()
	os.MkdirAll(stateDir, 0755)

	// Write the legacy state
	statePath := filepath.Join(stateDir, "foo")
	{
		f, err := os.Create(statePath)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}
		err = writeStateForTesting(testState(), f)
		f.Close()
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}
	}

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	m.statePath = statePath

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
	}
	if actual := s.State().String(); actual != testState().String() {
		t.Fatalf("bad: %s", actual)
	}

	// Verify neither defaults exist
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}

	stateName := filepath.Join(m.DataDir(), DefaultStateFilename)
	if !isEmptyState(stateName) {
		t.Fatal("expected no state at", stateName)
	}

	// Write some state
	next := testState()
	markStateForMatching(next, "bar") // just any change so it shows as different than before
	s.WriteState(next)
	if err := s.PersistState(nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	// Verify a backup was made since we're modifying a pre-existing state
	if isEmptyState(statePath + DefaultBackupExtension) {
		t.Fatal("backup state should not be empty")
	}
}

// Verify that interpolations result in an error
func TestMetaBackend_configureBackendInterpolation(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-new-interp"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Get the backend
	_, err := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if err == nil {
		t.Fatal("should error")
	}
	wantErr := "Variables not allowed"
	if !strings.Contains(err.Err().Error(), wantErr) {
		t.Fatalf("error should include %q, got: %s", wantErr, err.Err())
	}
}

// Newly configured backend
func TestMetaBackend_configureNewBackend(t *testing.T) {
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-new"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	state := s.State()
	if state != nil {
		t.Fatal("state should be nil")
	}

	// Write some state
	state = states.NewState()
	mark := markStateForMatching(state, "changing")

	s.WriteState(state)
	if err := s.PersistState(nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	// Verify the state is where we expect
	{
		f, err := os.Open("local-state.tfstate")
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}
		actual, err := statefile.Read(f)
		f.Close()
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}

		assertStateHasMarker(t, actual.State, mark)
	}

	// Verify the default paths don't exist
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}

	// Verify a backup doesn't exist
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}
}

// Newly configured backend with prior local state and no remote state
func TestMetaBackend_configureNewBackendWithState(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-new-migrate"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Ask input
	defer testInteractiveInput(t, []string{"yes"})()

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// This combination should not require the extra -migrate-state flag, since
	// there is no existing backend config
	m.migrateState = false

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	state, err := statemgr.RefreshAndRead(s)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if state == nil {
		t.Fatal("state is nil")
	}

	if got, want := testStateMgrCurrentLineage(s), "backend-new-migrate"; got != want {
		t.Fatalf("lineage changed during migration\nnow: %s\nwas: %s", got, want)
	}

	// Write some state
	state = states.NewState()
	mark := markStateForMatching(state, "changing")

	if err := statemgr.WriteAndPersist(s, state, nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	// Verify the state is where we expect
	{
		f, err := os.Open("local-state.tfstate")
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}
		actual, err := statefile.Read(f)
		f.Close()
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}

		assertStateHasMarker(t, actual.State, mark)
	}

	// Verify the default paths don't exist
	if !isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename) {
		data, _ := ioutil.ReadFile(DefaultStateFilename)

		t.Fatal("state should not exist, but contains:\n", string(data))
	}

	// Verify a backup does exist
	if isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension) {
		t.Fatal("backup state is empty or missing")
	}
}

// Newly configured backend with matching local and remote state doesn't prompt
// for copy.
func TestMetaBackend_configureNewBackendWithoutCopy(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-new-migrate"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	if err := copy.CopyFile(DefaultStateFilename, "local-state.tfstate"); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	m.input = false

	// init the backend
	_, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Verify the state is where we expect
	f, err := os.Open("local-state.tfstate")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
	}
	actual, err := statefile.Read(f)
	f.Close()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
	}

	if actual.Lineage != "backend-new-migrate" {
		t.Fatalf("incorrect state lineage: %q", actual.Lineage)
	}

	// Verify the default paths don't exist
	if !isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename) {
		data, _ := ioutil.ReadFile(DefaultStateFilename)

		t.Fatal("state should not exist, but contains:\n", string(data))
	}

	// Verify a backup does exist
	if isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension) {
		t.Fatal("backup state is empty or missing")
	}
}

// Newly configured backend with prior local state and no remote state,
// but opting to not migrate.
func TestMetaBackend_configureNewBackendWithStateNoMigrate(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-new-migrate"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Ask input
	defer testInteractiveInput(t, []string{"no"})()

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if state := s.State(); state != nil {
		t.Fatal("state is not nil")
	}

	// Verify the default paths don't exist
	if !isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename) {
		data, _ := ioutil.ReadFile(DefaultStateFilename)

		t.Fatal("state should not exist, but contains:\n", string(data))
	}

	// Verify a backup does exist
	if isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension) {
		t.Fatal("backup state is empty or missing")
	}
}

// Newly configured backend with prior local state and remote state
func TestMetaBackend_configureNewBackendWithStateExisting(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-new-migrate-existing"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	// suppress input
	m.forceInitCopy = true

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	state := s.State()
	if state == nil {
		t.Fatal("state is nil")
	}
	if got, want := testStateMgrCurrentLineage(s), "local"; got != want {
		t.Fatalf("wrong lineage %q; want %q", got, want)
	}

	// Write some state
	state = states.NewState()
	mark := markStateForMatching(state, "changing")

	s.WriteState(state)
	if err := s.PersistState(nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	// Verify the state is where we expect
	{
		f, err := os.Open("local-state.tfstate")
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}
		actual, err := statefile.Read(f)
		f.Close()
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}

		assertStateHasMarker(t, actual.State, mark)
	}

	// Verify the default paths don't exist
	if !isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename) {
		data, _ := ioutil.ReadFile(DefaultStateFilename)

		t.Fatal("state should not exist, but contains:\n", string(data))
	}

	// Verify a backup does exist
	if isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension) {
		t.Fatal("backup state is empty or missing")
	}
}

// Newly configured backend with prior local state and remote state
func TestMetaBackend_configureNewBackendWithStateExistingNoMigrate(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-new-migrate-existing"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Ask input
	defer testInteractiveInput(t, []string{"no"})()

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	state := s.State()
	if state == nil {
		t.Fatal("state is nil")
	}
	if testStateMgrCurrentLineage(s) != "remote" {
		t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", state)
	}

	// Write some state
	state = states.NewState()
	mark := markStateForMatching(state, "changing")
	s.WriteState(state)
	if err := s.PersistState(nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	// Verify the state is where we expect
	{
		f, err := os.Open("local-state.tfstate")
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}
		actual, err := statefile.Read(f)
		f.Close()
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}

		assertStateHasMarker(t, actual.State, mark)
	}

	// Verify the default paths don't exist
	if !isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename) {
		data, _ := ioutil.ReadFile(DefaultStateFilename)

		t.Fatal("state should not exist, but contains:\n", string(data))
	}

	// Verify a backup does exist
	if isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension) {
		t.Fatal("backup state is empty or missing")
	}
}

// Saved backend state matching config
func TestMetaBackend_configuredUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-unchanged"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	state := s.State()
	if state == nil {
		t.Fatal("nil state")
	}
	if testStateMgrCurrentLineage(s) != "configuredUnchanged" {
		t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", state)
	}

	// Verify the default paths don't exist
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}

	// Verify a backup doesn't exist
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}
}

// Changing a configured backend
func TestMetaBackend_changeConfiguredBackend(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-change"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Ask input
	defer testInteractiveInput(t, []string{"no"})()

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	state := s.State()
	if state != nil {
		t.Fatal("state should be nil")
	}

	// Verify the default paths don't exist
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}

	// Verify a backup doesn't exist
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}

	// Write some state
	state = states.NewState()
	mark := markStateForMatching(state, "changing")

	s.WriteState(state)
	if err := s.PersistState(nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	// Verify the state is where we expect
	{
		f, err := os.Open("local-state-2.tfstate")
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}
		actual, err := statefile.Read(f)
		f.Close()
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}

		assertStateHasMarker(t, actual.State, mark)
	}

	// Verify no local state
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}

	// Verify no local backup
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}
}

// Reconfiguring with an already configured backend.
// This should ignore the existing backend config, and configure the new
// backend is if this is the first time.
func TestMetaBackend_reconfigureBackendChange(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-change-single-to-single"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Register the single-state backend
	backendInit.Set("local-single", backendLocal.TestNewLocalSingle)
	defer backendInit.Set("local-single", nil)

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// this should not ask for input
	m.input = false

	// cli flag -reconfigure
	m.reconfigure = true

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	newState := s.State()
	if newState != nil || !newState.Empty() {
		t.Fatal("state should be nil/empty after forced reconfiguration")
	}

	// verify that the old state is still there
	s = statemgr.NewFilesystem("local-state.tfstate")
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	oldState := s.State()
	if oldState == nil || oldState.Empty() {
		t.Fatal("original state should be untouched")
	}
}

// Initializing a backend which supports workspaces and does *not* have
// the currently selected workspace should prompt the user with a list of
// workspaces to choose from to select a valid one, if more than one workspace
// is available.
func TestMetaBackend_initBackendSelectedWorkspaceDoesNotExist(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("init-backend-selected-workspace-doesnt-exist-multi"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	defer testInputMap(t, map[string]string{
		"select-workspace": "2",
	})()

	// Get the backend
	_, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	expected := "foo"
	actual, err := m.Workspace()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	if actual != expected {
		t.Fatalf("expected selected workspace to be %q, but was %q", expected, actual)
	}
}

// Initializing a backend which supports workspaces and does *not* have the
// currently selected workspace - and which only has a single workspace - should
// automatically select that single workspace.
func TestMetaBackend_initBackendSelectedWorkspaceDoesNotExistAutoSelect(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("init-backend-selected-workspace-doesnt-exist-single"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// this should not ask for input
	m.input = false

	// Assert test precondition: The current selected workspace is "bar"
	previousName, err := m.Workspace()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	if previousName != "bar" {
		t.Fatalf("expected test fixture to start with 'bar' as the current selected workspace")
	}

	// Get the backend
	_, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	expected := "default"
	actual, err := m.Workspace()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	if actual != expected {
		t.Fatalf("expected selected workspace to be %q, but was %q", expected, actual)
	}
}

// Initializing a backend which supports workspaces and does *not* have
// the currently selected workspace with input=false should fail.
func TestMetaBackend_initBackendSelectedWorkspaceDoesNotExistInputFalse(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("init-backend-selected-workspace-doesnt-exist-multi"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	m.input = false

	// Get the backend
	_, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})

	// Should fail immediately
	if got, want := diags.ErrWithWarnings().Error(), `Currently selected workspace "bar" does not exist`; !strings.Contains(got, want) {
		t.Fatalf("wrong error\ngot:  %s\nwant: %s", got, want)
	}
}

// Changing a configured backend, copying state
func TestMetaBackend_configuredBackendChangeCopy(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-change"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Ask input
	defer testInteractiveInput(t, []string{"yes", "yes"})()

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	state := s.State()
	if state == nil {
		t.Fatal("state should not be nil")
	}
	if testStateMgrCurrentLineage(s) != "backend-change" {
		t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", state)
	}

	// Verify no local state
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}

	// Verify no local backup
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}
}

// Changing a configured backend that supports only single states to another
// backend that only supports single states.
func TestMetaBackend_configuredBackendChangeCopy_singleState(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-change-single-to-single"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Register the single-state backend
	backendInit.Set("local-single", backendLocal.TestNewLocalSingle)
	defer backendInit.Set("local-single", nil)

	// Ask input
	defer testInputMap(t, map[string]string{
		"backend-migrate-copy-to-empty": "yes",
	})()

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	state := s.State()
	if state == nil {
		t.Fatal("state should not be nil")
	}
	if testStateMgrCurrentLineage(s) != "backend-change" {
		t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", state)
	}

	// Verify no local state
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}

	// Verify no local backup
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}
}

// Changing a configured backend that supports multi-state to a
// backend that only supports single states. The multi-state only has
// a default state.
func TestMetaBackend_configuredBackendChangeCopy_multiToSingleDefault(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-change-multi-default-to-single"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Register the single-state backend
	backendInit.Set("local-single", backendLocal.TestNewLocalSingle)
	defer backendInit.Set("local-single", nil)

	// Ask input
	defer testInputMap(t, map[string]string{
		"backend-migrate-copy-to-empty": "yes",
	})()

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	state := s.State()
	if state == nil {
		t.Fatal("state should not be nil")
	}
	if testStateMgrCurrentLineage(s) != "backend-change" {
		t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", state)
	}

	// Verify no local state
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}

	// Verify no local backup
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}
}

// Changing a configured backend that supports multi-state to a
// backend that only supports single states.
func TestMetaBackend_configuredBackendChangeCopy_multiToSingle(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-change-multi-to-single"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Register the single-state backend
	backendInit.Set("local-single", backendLocal.TestNewLocalSingle)
	defer backendInit.Set("local-single", nil)

	// Ask input
	defer testInputMap(t, map[string]string{
		"backend-migrate-multistate-to-single": "yes",
		"backend-migrate-copy-to-empty":        "yes",
	})()

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	state := s.State()
	if state == nil {
		t.Fatal("state should not be nil")
	}
	if testStateMgrCurrentLineage(s) != "backend-change" {
		t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", state)
	}

	// Verify no local state
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}

	// Verify no local backup
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}

	// Verify existing workspaces exist
	envPath := filepath.Join(backendLocal.DefaultWorkspaceDir, "env2", backendLocal.DefaultStateFilename)
	if _, err := os.Stat(envPath); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("env should exist")
	}

	// Verify we are now in the default env, or we may not be able to access the new backend
	env, err := m.Workspace()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if env != backend.DefaultStateName {
		t.Fatal("using non-default env with single-env backend")
	}
}

// Changing a configured backend that supports multi-state to a
// backend that only supports single states.
func TestMetaBackend_configuredBackendChangeCopy_multiToSingleCurrentEnv(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-change-multi-to-single"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Register the single-state backend
	backendInit.Set("local-single", backendLocal.TestNewLocalSingle)
	defer backendInit.Set("local-single", nil)

	// Ask input
	defer testInputMap(t, map[string]string{
		"backend-migrate-multistate-to-single": "yes",
		"backend-migrate-copy-to-empty":        "yes",
	})()

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Change env
	if err := m.SetWorkspace("env2"); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	state := s.State()
	if state == nil {
		t.Fatal("state should not be nil")
	}
	if testStateMgrCurrentLineage(s) != "backend-change-env2" {
		t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", state)
	}

	// Verify no local state
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}

	// Verify no local backup
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}

	// Verify existing workspaces exist
	envPath := filepath.Join(backendLocal.DefaultWorkspaceDir, "env2", backendLocal.DefaultStateFilename)
	if _, err := os.Stat(envPath); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("env should exist")
	}
}

// Changing a configured backend that supports multi-state to a
// backend that also supports multi-state.
func TestMetaBackend_configuredBackendChangeCopy_multiToMulti(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-change-multi-to-multi"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Ask input
	defer testInputMap(t, map[string]string{
		"backend-migrate-multistate-to-multistate": "yes",
	})()

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check resulting states
	workspaces, err := b.Workspaces()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	sort.Strings(workspaces)
	expected := []string{"default", "env2"}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(workspaces, expected) {
		t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", workspaces)
	}

	{
		// Check the default state
		s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
		}
		if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
		}
		state := s.State()
		if state == nil {
			t.Fatal("state should not be nil")
		}
		if testStateMgrCurrentLineage(s) != "backend-change" {
			t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", state)
		}
	}

	{
		// Check the other state
		s, err := b.StateMgr("env2")
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
		}
		if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
		}
		state := s.State()
		if state == nil {
			t.Fatal("state should not be nil")
		}
		if testStateMgrCurrentLineage(s) != "backend-change-env2" {
			t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", state)
		}
	}

	// Verify no local backup
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}

	{
		// Verify existing workspaces exist
		envPath := filepath.Join(backendLocal.DefaultWorkspaceDir, "env2", backendLocal.DefaultStateFilename)
		if _, err := os.Stat(envPath); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("%s should exist, but does not", envPath)
		}
	}

	{
		// Verify new workspaces exist
		envPath := filepath.Join("envdir-new", "env2", backendLocal.DefaultStateFilename)
		if _, err := os.Stat(envPath); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("%s should exist, but does not", envPath)
		}
	}
}

// Changing a configured backend that supports multi-state to a
// backend that also supports multi-state, but doesn't allow a
// default state while the default state is non-empty.
func TestMetaBackend_configuredBackendChangeCopy_multiToNoDefaultWithDefault(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-change-multi-to-no-default-with-default"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Register the single-state backend
	backendInit.Set("local-no-default", backendLocal.TestNewLocalNoDefault)
	defer backendInit.Set("local-no-default", nil)

	// Ask input
	defer testInputMap(t, map[string]string{
		"backend-migrate-multistate-to-multistate": "yes",
		"new-state-name": "env1",
	})()

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check resulting states
	workspaces, err := b.Workspaces()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	sort.Strings(workspaces)
	expected := []string{"env1", "env2"}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(workspaces, expected) {
		t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", workspaces)
	}

	{
		// Check the renamed default state
		s, err := b.StateMgr("env1")
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
		}
		if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
		}
		state := s.State()
		if state == nil {
			t.Fatal("state should not be nil")
		}
		if testStateMgrCurrentLineage(s) != "backend-change-env1" {
			t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", state)
		}
	}

	{
		// Verify existing workspaces exist
		envPath := filepath.Join(backendLocal.DefaultWorkspaceDir, "env2", backendLocal.DefaultStateFilename)
		if _, err := os.Stat(envPath); err != nil {
			t.Fatal("env should exist")
		}
	}

	{
		// Verify new workspaces exist
		envPath := filepath.Join("envdir-new", "env2", backendLocal.DefaultStateFilename)
		if _, err := os.Stat(envPath); err != nil {
			t.Fatal("env should exist")
		}
	}
}

// Changing a configured backend that supports multi-state to a
// backend that also supports multi-state, but doesn't allow a
// default state while the default state is empty.
func TestMetaBackend_configuredBackendChangeCopy_multiToNoDefaultWithoutDefault(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-change-multi-to-no-default-without-default"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Register the single-state backend
	backendInit.Set("local-no-default", backendLocal.TestNewLocalNoDefault)
	defer backendInit.Set("local-no-default", nil)

	// Ask input
	defer testInputMap(t, map[string]string{
		"backend-migrate-multistate-to-multistate": "yes",
	})()

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check resulting states
	workspaces, err := b.Workspaces()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	sort.Strings(workspaces)
	expected := []string{"env2"} // default is skipped because it is absent in the source backend
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(workspaces, expected) {
		t.Fatalf("wrong workspaces\ngot:  %#v\nwant: %#v", workspaces, expected)
	}

	{
		// Check the named state
		s, err := b.StateMgr("env2")
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
		}
		if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
		}
		state := s.State()
		if state == nil {
			t.Fatal("state should not be nil")
		}
		if testStateMgrCurrentLineage(s) != "backend-change-env2" {
			t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", state)
		}
	}

	{
		// Verify existing workspaces exist
		envPath := filepath.Join(backendLocal.DefaultWorkspaceDir, "env2", backendLocal.DefaultStateFilename)
		if _, err := os.Stat(envPath); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("%s should exist, but does not", envPath)
		}
	}

	{
		// Verify new workspaces exist
		envPath := filepath.Join("envdir-new", "env2", backendLocal.DefaultStateFilename)
		if _, err := os.Stat(envPath); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("%s should exist, but does not", envPath)
		}
	}
}

// Unsetting a saved backend
func TestMetaBackend_configuredBackendUnset(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-unset"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Ask input
	defer testInteractiveInput(t, []string{"no"})()

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	state := s.State()
	if state != nil {
		t.Fatal("state should be nil")
	}

	// Verify the default paths don't exist
	if !isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename) {
		data, _ := ioutil.ReadFile(DefaultStateFilename)
		t.Fatal("state should not exist, but contains:\n", string(data))
	}

	// Verify a backup doesn't exist
	if !isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension) {
		data, _ := ioutil.ReadFile(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension)
		t.Fatal("backup should not exist, but contains:\n", string(data))
	}

	// Write some state
	s.WriteState(testState())
	if err := s.PersistState(nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	// Verify it exists where we expect it to
	if isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename) {
		t.Fatal(DefaultStateFilename, "is empty")
	}

	// Verify no backup since it was empty to start
	if !isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension) {
		data, _ := ioutil.ReadFile(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension)
		t.Fatal("backup state should be empty, but contains:\n", string(data))
	}
}

// Unsetting a saved backend and copying the remote state
func TestMetaBackend_configuredBackendUnsetCopy(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-unset"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Ask input
	defer testInteractiveInput(t, []string{"yes", "yes"})()

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	state := s.State()
	if state == nil {
		t.Fatal("state is nil")
	}
	if got, want := testStateMgrCurrentLineage(s), "configuredUnset"; got != want {
		t.Fatalf("wrong state lineage %q; want %q", got, want)
	}

	// Verify a backup doesn't exist
	if !isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension) {
		t.Fatalf("backup state should be empty")
	}

	// Write some state
	s.WriteState(testState())
	if err := s.PersistState(nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	// Verify it exists where we expect it to
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
	}

	// Verify a backup since it wasn't empty to start
	if isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension) {
		t.Fatal("backup is empty")
	}
}

// A plan that has uses the local backend
func TestMetaBackend_planLocal(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-plan-local"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	backendConfigBlock := cty.ObjectVal(map[string]cty.Value{
		"path":          cty.NullVal(cty.String),
		"workspace_dir": cty.NullVal(cty.String),
	})
	backendConfigRaw, err := plans.NewDynamicValue(backendConfigBlock, backendConfigBlock.Type())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	backendConfig := plans.Backend{
		Type:      "local",
		Config:    backendConfigRaw,
		Workspace: "default",
	}

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.BackendForLocalPlan(backendConfig)
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	state := s.State()
	if state != nil {
		t.Fatalf("state should be nil: %#v", state)
	}

	// The default state file should not exist yet
	if !isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename) {
		t.Fatal("expected empty state")
	}

	// A backup file shouldn't exist yet either.
	if !isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension) {
		t.Fatal("expected empty backup")
	}

	// Verify we have no configured backend
	path := filepath.Join(m.DataDir(), DefaultStateFilename)
	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil {
		t.Fatalf("should not have backend configured")
	}

	// Write some state
	state = states.NewState()
	mark := markStateForMatching(state, "changing")

	s.WriteState(state)
	if err := s.PersistState(nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	// Verify the state is where we expect
	{
		f, err := os.Open(DefaultStateFilename)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}
		actual, err := statefile.Read(f)
		f.Close()
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}

		assertStateHasMarker(t, actual.State, mark)
	}

	// Verify no local backup
	if !isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension) {
		t.Fatalf("backup state should be empty")
	}
}

// A plan with a custom state save path
func TestMetaBackend_planLocalStatePath(t *testing.T) {
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-plan-local"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	original := testState()
	markStateForMatching(original, "hello")

	backendConfigBlock := cty.ObjectVal(map[string]cty.Value{
		"path":          cty.NullVal(cty.String),
		"workspace_dir": cty.NullVal(cty.String),
	})
	backendConfigRaw, err := plans.NewDynamicValue(backendConfigBlock, backendConfigBlock.Type())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	plannedBackend := plans.Backend{
		Type:      "local",
		Config:    backendConfigRaw,
		Workspace: "default",
	}

	// Create an alternate output path
	statePath := "foo.tfstate"

	// put an initial state there that needs to be backed up
	err = (statemgr.NewFilesystem(statePath)).WriteState(original)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	m.stateOutPath = statePath

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.BackendForLocalPlan(plannedBackend)
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	state := s.State()
	if state != nil {
		t.Fatal("default workspace state is not nil, but should be because we've not put anything there")
	}

	// Verify the default path doesn't exist
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename); err == nil {
		t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
	}

	// Verify a backup doesn't exists
	if _, err := os.Stat(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("file should not exist")
	}

	// Verify we have no configured backend/legacy
	path := filepath.Join(m.DataDir(), DefaultStateFilename)
	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil {
		t.Fatalf("should not have backend configured")
	}

	// Write some state
	state = states.NewState()
	mark := markStateForMatching(state, "changing")

	s.WriteState(state)
	if err := s.PersistState(nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	// Verify the state is where we expect
	{
		f, err := os.Open(statePath)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}
		actual, err := statefile.Read(f)
		f.Close()
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}

		assertStateHasMarker(t, actual.State, mark)
	}

	// Verify we have a backup
	if isEmptyState(statePath + DefaultBackupExtension) {
		t.Fatal("backup is empty")
	}
}

// A plan that has no backend config, matching local state
func TestMetaBackend_planLocalMatch(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-plan-local-match"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	backendConfigBlock := cty.ObjectVal(map[string]cty.Value{
		"path":          cty.NullVal(cty.String),
		"workspace_dir": cty.NullVal(cty.String),
	})
	backendConfigRaw, err := plans.NewDynamicValue(backendConfigBlock, backendConfigBlock.Type())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	backendConfig := plans.Backend{
		Type:      "local",
		Config:    backendConfigRaw,
		Workspace: "default",
	}

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)

	// Get the backend
	b, diags := m.BackendForLocalPlan(backendConfig)
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s, err := b.StateMgr(backend.DefaultStateName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := s.RefreshState(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	state := s.State()
	if state == nil {
		t.Fatal("should is nil")
	}
	if testStateMgrCurrentLineage(s) != "hello" {
		t.Fatalf("bad: %#v", state)
	}

	// Verify the default path
	if isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename) {
		t.Fatal("state is empty")
	}

	// Verify we have no configured backend/legacy
	path := filepath.Join(m.DataDir(), DefaultStateFilename)
	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil {
		t.Fatalf("should not have backend configured")
	}

	// Write some state
	state = states.NewState()
	mark := markStateForMatching(state, "changing")

	s.WriteState(state)
	if err := s.PersistState(nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	// Verify the state is where we expect
	{
		f, err := os.Open(DefaultStateFilename)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}
		actual, err := statefile.Read(f)
		f.Close()
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("err: %s", err)
		}

		assertStateHasMarker(t, actual.State, mark)
	}

	// Verify local backup
	if isEmptyState(DefaultStateFilename + DefaultBackupExtension) {
		t.Fatal("backup is empty")
	}
}

// init a backend using -backend-config options multiple times
func TestMetaBackend_configureBackendWithExtra(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("init-backend-empty"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	extras := map[string]cty.Value{"path": cty.StringVal("hello")}
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	opts := &BackendOpts{
		ConfigOverride: configs.SynthBody("synth", extras),
		Init:           true,
	}

	_, cHash, err := m.backendConfig(opts)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	// init the backend
	_, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{
		ConfigOverride: configs.SynthBody("synth", extras),
		Init:           true,
	})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// Check the state
	s := testDataStateRead(t, filepath.Join(DefaultDataDir, backendLocal.DefaultStateFilename))
	if s.Backend.Hash != uint64(cHash) {
		t.Fatal("mismatched state and config backend hashes")
	}

	// init the backend again with the same options
	m = testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	_, err = m.Backend(&BackendOpts{
		ConfigOverride: configs.SynthBody("synth", extras),
		Init:           true,
	})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	// Check the state
	s = testDataStateRead(t, filepath.Join(DefaultDataDir, backendLocal.DefaultStateFilename))
	if s.Backend.Hash != uint64(cHash) {
		t.Fatal("mismatched state and config backend hashes")
	}
}

// when configuring a default local state, don't delete local state
func TestMetaBackend_localDoesNotDeleteLocal(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("init-backend-empty"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// // create our local state
	orig := states.NewState()
	orig.SetOutputValue(
		addrs.OutputValue{Name: "foo"}.Absolute(addrs.RootModuleInstance),
		cty.StringVal("bar"), false,
	)
	testStateFileDefault(t, orig)

	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	m.forceInitCopy = true
	// init the backend
	_, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{Init: true})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	// check that we can read the state
	s := testStateRead(t, DefaultStateFilename)
	if s.Empty() {
		t.Fatal("our state was deleted")
	}
}

// move options from config to -backend-config
func TestMetaBackend_backendConfigToExtra(t *testing.T) {
	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("init-backend"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// init the backend
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	_, err := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{
		Init: true,
	})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	// Check the state
	s := testDataStateRead(t, filepath.Join(DefaultDataDir, backendLocal.DefaultStateFilename))
	backendHash := s.Backend.Hash

	// init again but remove the path option from the config
	cfg := "terraform {\n  backend \"local\" {}\n}\n"
	if err := ioutil.WriteFile("main.tf", []byte(cfg), 0644); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	// init the backend again with the  options
	extras := map[string]cty.Value{"path": cty.StringVal("hello")}
	m = testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	m.forceInitCopy = true
	_, diags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{
		ConfigOverride: configs.SynthBody("synth", extras),
		Init:           true,
	})
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	s = testDataStateRead(t, filepath.Join(DefaultDataDir, backendLocal.DefaultStateFilename))

	if s.Backend.Hash == backendHash {
		t.Fatal("state.Backend.Hash was not updated")
	}
}

// no config; return inmem backend stored in state
func TestBackendFromState(t *testing.T) {
	wd := tempWorkingDirFixture(t, "backend-from-state")
	t.Chdir(wd.RootModuleDir())

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	m.WorkingDir = wd
	// terraform caches a small "state" file that stores the backend config.
	// This test must override m.dataDir so it loads the "terraform.tfstate" file in the
	// test directory as the backend config cache. This fixture is really a
	// fixture for the data dir rather than the module dir, so we'll override
	// them to match just for this test.
	wd.OverrideDataDir(".")

	stateBackend, diags := m.backendFromState(context.Background())
	if diags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal(diags.Err())
	}

	if _, ok := stateBackend.(*backendInmem.Backend); !ok {
		t.Fatal("did not get expected inmem backend")
	}
}

func Test_determineInitReason(t *testing.T) {

	cases := map[string]struct {
		cloudMode     cloud.ConfigChangeMode
		backendState  workdir.BackendStateFile
		backendConfig configs.Backend

		wantErr string
	}{
		// All scenarios involving Cloud backend
		"change in cloud config": {
			cloudMode: cloud.ConfigChangeInPlace,
			backendState: workdir.BackendStateFile{
				Backend: &workdir.BackendConfigState{
					Type: "cloud",
					// Other fields unnecessary
				},
			},
			backendConfig: configs.Backend{
				Type: "cloud",
				// Other fields unnecessary
			},
			wantErr: `HCP Terraform configuration block has changed`,
		},
		"migrate backend to cloud": {
			cloudMode: cloud.ConfigMigrationIn,
			backendState: workdir.BackendStateFile{
				Backend: &workdir.BackendConfigState{
					Type: "foobar",
					// Other fields unnecessary
				},
			},
			backendConfig: configs.Backend{
				Type: "cloud",
				// Other fields unnecessary
			},
			wantErr: `Changed from backend "foobar" to HCP Terraform`,
		},
		"migrate cloud to backend": {
			cloudMode: cloud.ConfigMigrationOut,
			backendState: workdir.BackendStateFile{
				Backend: &workdir.BackendConfigState{
					Type: "cloud",
					// Other fields unnecessary
				},
			},
			backendConfig: configs.Backend{
				Type: "foobar",
				// Other fields unnecessary
			},
			wantErr: `Changed from HCP Terraform to backend "foobar"`,
		},

		// Changes within the backend config block
		"backend type changed": {
			cloudMode: cloud.ConfigChangeIrrelevant,
			backendState: workdir.BackendStateFile{
				Backend: &workdir.BackendConfigState{
					Type: "foobar1",
					// Other fields unnecessary
				},
			},
			backendConfig: configs.Backend{
				Type: "foobar2",
				// Other fields unnecessary
			},
			wantErr: `Backend type changed from "foobar1" to "foobar2`,
		},
		"backend config changed": {
			// Note that we don't need to include differing config to trigger this
			// scenario, as we're hitting the default case. If the types match, then
			// only the config is left to differ.
			// See the comment above determineInitReason for more info.
			cloudMode: cloud.ConfigChangeIrrelevant,
			backendState: workdir.BackendStateFile{
				Backend: &workdir.BackendConfigState{
					Type: "foobar",
					// Other fields unnecessary
				},
			},
			backendConfig: configs.Backend{
				Type: "foobar",
				// Other fields unnecessary
			},
			wantErr: `Backend configuration block has changed`,
		},
	}

	for tn, tc := range cases {
		t.Run(tn, func(t *testing.T) {
			m := Meta{}
			diags := m.determineInitReason(tc.backendState.Backend.Type, tc.backendConfig.Type, tc.cloudMode)
			if !strings.Contains(diags.Err().Error(), tc.wantErr) {
				t.Fatalf("expected error diagnostic detail to include \"%s\" but it's missing: %s", tc.wantErr, diags.Err())
			}
		})
	}
}

// Newly configured state store
//
// TODO(SarahFrench/radeksimko): currently this test only confirms that we're hitting the switch
// case for this scenario, and will need to be updated when that init feature is implemented.
func TestMetaBackend_configureNewStateStore(t *testing.T) {
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("state-store-new"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	m.AllowExperimentalFeatures = true

	// Get the state store's config
	mod, loadDiags := m.loadSingleModule(td)
	if loadDiags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error when loading test config: %s", loadDiags.Err())
	}

	// Get mock provider factory to be used during init
	//
	// This imagines a provider called foo that contains
	// a pluggable state store implementation called bar.
	mock := &testing_provider.MockProvider{
		GetProviderSchemaResponse: &providers.GetProviderSchemaResponse{
			Provider: providers.Schema{
				Body: &configschema.Block{
					Attributes: map[string]*configschema.Attribute{
						"region": {Type: cty.String, Optional: true},
					},
				},
			},
			DataSources:       map[string]providers.Schema{},
			ResourceTypes:     map[string]providers.Schema{},
			ListResourceTypes: map[string]providers.Schema{},
			StateStores: map[string]providers.Schema{
				"foo_bar": {
					Body: &configschema.Block{
						Attributes: map[string]*configschema.Attribute{
							"bar": {
								Type:     cty.String,
								Required: true,
							},
						},
					},
				},
			},
		},
	}
	factory := func() (providers.Interface, error) {
		return mock, nil
	}

	// Get the operations backend
	_, beDiags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{
		Init:             true,
		StateStoreConfig: mod.StateStore,
		ProviderFactory:  factory,
	})
	if !beDiags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal("expected an error to be returned during partial implementation of PSS")
	}
	wantErr := "Configuring a state store for the first time is not implemented yet"
	if !strings.Contains(beDiags.Err().Error(), wantErr) {
		t.Fatalf("expected the returned error to contain %q, but got: %s", wantErr, beDiags.Err())
	}

}

// Unsetting a saved state store
//
// TODO(SarahFrench/radeksimko): currently this test only confirms that we're hitting the switch
// case for this scenario, and will need to be updated when that init feature is implemented.
func TestMetaBackend_configuredStateStoreUnset(t *testing.T) {
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("state-store-unset"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	m.AllowExperimentalFeatures = true

	// Get the state store's config
	mod, loadDiags := m.loadSingleModule(td)
	if loadDiags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error when loading test config: %s", loadDiags.Err())
	}

	// No mock provider is used here - yet
	// Logic will need to be implemented that lets the init have access to
	// a factory for the 'old' provider used for PSS previously. This will be
	// used when migrating away from PSS entirely, or to a new PSS configuration.

	// Get the operations backend
	_, beDiags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{
		Init:             true,
		StateStoreConfig: mod.StateStore,
	})
	if !beDiags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal("expected an error to be returned during partial implementation of PSS")
	}
	wantErr := "Unsetting a state store is not implemented yet"
	if !strings.Contains(beDiags.Err().Error(), wantErr) {
		t.Fatalf("expected the returned error to contain %q, but got: %s", wantErr, beDiags.Err())
	}
}

// Reconfiguring with an already configured state store.
// This should ignore the existing state_store config, and configure the new
// state store is if this is the first time.
//
// TODO(SarahFrench/radeksimko): currently this test only confirms that we're hitting the switch
// case for this scenario, and will need to be updated when that init feature is implemented.
func TestMetaBackend_reconfigureStateStoreChange(t *testing.T) {
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("state-store-reconfigure"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	m.AllowExperimentalFeatures = true

	// this should not ask for input
	m.input = false

	// cli flag -reconfigure
	m.reconfigure = true

	// Get the state store's config
	mod, loadDiags := m.loadSingleModule(td)
	if loadDiags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error when loading test config: %s", loadDiags.Err())
	}

	// Get mock provider factory to be used during init
	//
	// This imagines a provider called foo that contains
	// a pluggable state store implementation called bar.
	mock := &testing_provider.MockProvider{
		GetProviderSchemaResponse: &providers.GetProviderSchemaResponse{
			Provider: providers.Schema{
				Body: &configschema.Block{
					Attributes: map[string]*configschema.Attribute{
						"region": {Type: cty.String, Optional: true},
					},
				},
			},
			DataSources:       map[string]providers.Schema{},
			ResourceTypes:     map[string]providers.Schema{},
			ListResourceTypes: map[string]providers.Schema{},
			StateStores: map[string]providers.Schema{
				"foo_bar": {
					Body: &configschema.Block{
						Attributes: map[string]*configschema.Attribute{
							"bar": {
								Type:     cty.String,
								Required: true,
							},
						},
					},
				},
			},
		},
	}
	factory := func() (providers.Interface, error) {
		return mock, nil
	}

	// Get the operations backend
	_, beDiags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{
		Init:             true,
		StateStoreConfig: mod.StateStore,
		ProviderFactory:  factory,
	})

	if !beDiags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal("expected an error to be returned during partial implementation of PSS")
	}
	wantErr := "Configuring a state store for the first time is not implemented yet"
	if !strings.Contains(beDiags.Err().Error(), wantErr) {
		t.Fatalf("expected the returned error to contain %q, but got: %s", wantErr, beDiags.Err())
	}

}

// Changing a configured state store
//
// TODO(SarahFrench/radeksimko): currently this test only confirms that we're hitting the switch
// case for this scenario, and will need to be updated when that init feature is implemented.
// ALSO, this test will need to be split into multiple scenarios in future.
func TestMetaBackend_changeConfiguredStateStore(t *testing.T) {
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("state-store-changed"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	m.AllowExperimentalFeatures = true

	// Get the state store's config
	mod, loadDiags := m.loadSingleModule(td)
	if loadDiags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error when loading test config: %s", loadDiags.Err())
	}

	// Get mock provider factory to be used during init
	//
	// This imagines a provider called foo that contains
	// a pluggable state store implementation called bar.
	mock := &testing_provider.MockProvider{
		GetProviderSchemaResponse: &providers.GetProviderSchemaResponse{
			Provider: providers.Schema{
				Body: &configschema.Block{
					Attributes: map[string]*configschema.Attribute{
						"region": {Type: cty.String, Optional: true},
					},
				},
			},
			DataSources:       map[string]providers.Schema{},
			ResourceTypes:     map[string]providers.Schema{},
			ListResourceTypes: map[string]providers.Schema{},
			StateStores: map[string]providers.Schema{
				"foo_bar": {
					Body: &configschema.Block{
						Attributes: map[string]*configschema.Attribute{
							"bar": {
								Type:     cty.String,
								Required: true,
							},
						},
					},
				},
			},
		},
	}
	factory := func() (providers.Interface, error) {
		return mock, nil
	}

	// Get the operations backend
	_, beDiags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{
		Init:             true,
		StateStoreConfig: mod.StateStore,
		ProviderFactory:  factory,
	})
	if !beDiags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal("expected an error to be returned during partial implementation of PSS")
	}
	wantErr := "Changing a state store configuration is not implemented yet"
	if !strings.Contains(beDiags.Err().Error(), wantErr) {
		t.Fatalf("expected the returned error to contain %q, but got: %s", wantErr, beDiags.Err())
	}
}

// Changing from using backend to state_store
//
// TODO(SarahFrench/radeksimko): currently this test only confirms that we're hitting the switch
// case for this scenario, and will need to be updated when that init feature is implemented.
func TestMetaBackend_configuredBackendToStateStore(t *testing.T) {
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("backend-to-state-store"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	m.AllowExperimentalFeatures = true

	// Get the state store's config
	mod, loadDiags := m.loadSingleModule(td)
	if loadDiags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error when loading test config: %s", loadDiags.Err())
	}

	// Get mock provider factory to be used during init
	//
	// This imagines a provider called foo that contains
	// a pluggable state store implementation called bar.
	mock := &testing_provider.MockProvider{
		GetProviderSchemaResponse: &providers.GetProviderSchemaResponse{
			Provider: providers.Schema{
				Body: &configschema.Block{
					Attributes: map[string]*configschema.Attribute{
						"region": {Type: cty.String, Optional: true},
					},
				},
			},
			DataSources:       map[string]providers.Schema{},
			ResourceTypes:     map[string]providers.Schema{},
			ListResourceTypes: map[string]providers.Schema{},
			StateStores: map[string]providers.Schema{
				"foo_bar": {
					Body: &configschema.Block{
						Attributes: map[string]*configschema.Attribute{
							"bar": {
								Type:     cty.String,
								Required: true,
							},
						},
					},
				},
			},
		},
	}
	factory := func() (providers.Interface, error) {
		return mock, nil
	}

	// Get the operations backend
	_, beDiags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{
		Init:             true,
		StateStoreConfig: mod.StateStore,
		ProviderFactory:  factory,
	})
	if !beDiags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal("expected an error to be returned during partial implementation of PSS")
	}
	wantErr := "Migration from backend to state store is not implemented yet"
	if !strings.Contains(beDiags.Err().Error(), wantErr) {
		t.Fatalf("expected the returned error to contain %q, but got: %s", wantErr, beDiags.Err())
	}
}

// Changing from using state_store to backend
//
// TODO(SarahFrench/radeksimko): currently this test only confirms that we're hitting the switch
// case for this scenario, and will need to be updated when that init feature is implemented.
func TestMetaBackend_configuredStateStoreToBackend(t *testing.T) {
	td := t.TempDir()
	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("state-store-to-backend"), td)
	t.Chdir(td)

	// Setup the meta
	m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
	m.AllowExperimentalFeatures = true

	// Get the backend's config
	mod, loadDiags := m.loadSingleModule(td)
	if loadDiags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error when loading test config: %s", loadDiags.Err())
	}

	// No mock provider is used here - yet
	// Logic will need to be implemented that lets the init have access to
	// a factory for the 'old' provider used for PSS previously. This will be
	// used when migrating away from PSS entirely, or to a new PSS configuration.

	// Get the operations backend
	_, beDiags := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{
		Init:          true,
		BackendConfig: mod.Backend,
	})
	if !beDiags.HasErrors() {
		t.Fatal("expected an error to be returned during partial implementation of PSS")
	}
	wantErr := "Migration from state store to backend is not implemented yet"
	if !strings.Contains(beDiags.Err().Error(), wantErr) {
		t.Fatalf("expected the returned error to contain %q, but got: %s", wantErr, beDiags.Err())
	}
}

// Verify that using variables results in an error
func TestMetaBackend_configureStateStoreVariableUse(t *testing.T) {
	wantErr := "Variables not allowed"

	cases := map[string]struct {
		fixture string
		wantErr string
	}{
		"no variables in nested provider block": {
			fixture: "state-store-new-vars-in-provider",
			wantErr: wantErr,
		},
		"no variables in the state_store block": {
			fixture: "state-store-new-vars-in-store",
			wantErr: wantErr,
		},
	}

	for tn, tc := range cases {
		t.Run(tn, func(t *testing.T) {
			// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
			td := t.TempDir()
			testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath(tc.fixture), td)
			t.Chdir(td)

			// Setup the meta
			m := testMetaBackend(t, nil)
			m.AllowExperimentalFeatures = true

			// Get the state store's config
			mod, loadDiags := m.loadSingleModule(td)
			if loadDiags.HasErrors() {
				t.Fatalf("unexpected error when loading test config: %s", loadDiags.Err())
			}

			// Get mock provider factory to be used during init
			//
			// This imagines a provider called foo that contains
			// a pluggable state store implementation called bar.
			mock := &testing_provider.MockProvider{
				GetProviderSchemaResponse: &providers.GetProviderSchemaResponse{
					Provider: providers.Schema{
						Body: &configschema.Block{
							Attributes: map[string]*configschema.Attribute{
								"region": {Type: cty.String, Optional: true},
							},
						},
					},
					DataSources:       map[string]providers.Schema{},
					ResourceTypes:     map[string]providers.Schema{},
					ListResourceTypes: map[string]providers.Schema{},
					StateStores: map[string]providers.Schema{
						"foo_bar": {
							Body: &configschema.Block{
								Attributes: map[string]*configschema.Attribute{
									"bar": {
										Type:     cty.String,
										Required: true,
									},
								},
							},
						},
					},
				},
			}
			factory := func() (providers.Interface, error) {
				return mock, nil
			}

			// Get the operations backend
			_, err := m.Backend(&BackendOpts{
				Init:             true,
				StateStoreConfig: mod.StateStore,
				ProviderFactory:  factory,
			})
			if err == nil {
				t.Fatal("should error")
			}
			if !strings.Contains(err.Err().Error(), tc.wantErr) {
				t.Fatalf("error should include %q, got: %s", tc.wantErr, err.Err())
			}

		})
	}
}

func testMetaBackend(t *testing.T, args []string) *Meta {
	var m Meta
	m.Ui = new(cli.MockUi)
	view, _ := testView(t)
	m.View = view
	m.process(args)
	f := m.extendedFlagSet("test")
	if err := f.Parse(args); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	// metaBackend tests are verifying migrate actions
	m.migrateState = true

	return &m
}