diff --git a/internal/command/init_test.go b/internal/command/init_test.go
index 290e3f2746..93cce851f2 100644
--- a/internal/command/init_test.go
+++ b/internal/command/init_test.go
@@ -3104,6 +3104,36 @@ func TestInit_testsWithModule(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestInit_stateStoreBlockIsExperimental(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a temporary working directory that is empty
+	td := t.TempDir()
+	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath("init-with-state-store"), td)
+	defer testChdir(t, td)()
+
+	ui := new(cli.MockUi)
+	view, done := testView(t)
+	c := &InitCommand{
+		Meta: Meta{
+			Ui:                        ui,
+			View:                      view,
+			AllowExperimentalFeatures: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	args := []string{}
+	code := c.Run(args)
+	testOutput := done(t)
+	if code != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected output: \n%s", testOutput.All())
+	}
+
+	// Check output
+	output := testOutput.Stderr()
+	if !strings.Contains(output, `Blocks of type "state_store" are not expected here`) {
+		t.Fatalf("doesn't look like experiment is blocking access': %s", output)
+	}
+}
+
 // newMockProviderSource is a helper to succinctly construct a mock provider
 // source that contains a set of packages matching the given provider versions
 // that are available for installation (from temporary local files).
diff --git a/internal/command/testdata/init-with-state-store/main.tf b/internal/command/testdata/init-with-state-store/main.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4042b401b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/command/testdata/init-with-state-store/main.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+terraform {
+  state_store "foo_foo" {
+
+  }
+}
diff --git a/internal/configs/module.go b/internal/configs/module.go
index 0ec90487b8..6c87279848 100644
--- a/internal/configs/module.go
+++ b/internal/configs/module.go
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ type Module struct {
 	ActiveExperiments experiments.Set
 
 	Backend              *Backend
+	StateStore           *StateStore
 	CloudConfig          *CloudConfig
 	ProviderConfigs      map[string]*Provider
 	ProviderRequirements *RequiredProviders
@@ -78,6 +79,7 @@ type File struct {
 	ActiveExperiments experiments.Set
 
 	Backends          []*Backend
+	StateStores       []*StateStore
 	CloudConfigs      []*CloudConfig
 	ProviderConfigs   []*Provider
 	ProviderMetas     []*ProviderMeta
@@ -222,15 +224,30 @@ func (m *Module) appendFile(file *File) hcl.Diagnostics {
 		if m.Backend != nil {
 			diags = append(diags, &hcl.Diagnostic{
 				Severity: hcl.DiagError,
-				Summary:  "Duplicate backend configuration",
-				Detail:   fmt.Sprintf("A module may have only one backend configuration. The backend was previously configured at %s.", m.Backend.DeclRange),
+				Summary:  "Duplicate 'backend' configuration block",
+				Detail:   fmt.Sprintf("A module may have only one 'backend' configuration block. The backend was previously configured at %s.", m.Backend.DeclRange),
 				Subject:  &b.DeclRange,
 			})
 			continue
 		}
+
 		m.Backend = b
 	}
 
+	for _, ss := range file.StateStores {
+		if m.StateStore != nil {
+			diags = append(diags, &hcl.Diagnostic{
+				Severity: hcl.DiagError,
+				Summary:  "Duplicate 'state_store' configuration block",
+				Detail:   fmt.Sprintf("A module may have only one 'state_store' configuration block. The state store was previously configured at %s.", m.StateStore.DeclRange),
+				Subject:  &ss.DeclRange,
+			})
+			continue
+		}
+
+		m.StateStore = ss
+	}
+
 	for _, c := range file.CloudConfigs {
 		if m.CloudConfig != nil {
 			diags = append(diags, &hcl.Diagnostic{
@@ -245,12 +262,43 @@ func (m *Module) appendFile(file *File) hcl.Diagnostics {
 		m.CloudConfig = c
 	}
 
-	if m.Backend != nil && m.CloudConfig != nil {
+	// Handle conflicting blocks of different types
+	switch {
+	case m.CloudConfig != nil && m.StateStore != nil && m.Backend != nil:
 		diags = append(diags, &hcl.Diagnostic{
 			Severity: hcl.DiagError,
-			Summary:  "Both a backend and cloud configuration are present",
-			Detail:   fmt.Sprintf("A module may declare either one 'cloud' block OR one 'backend' block configuring a state backend. The 'cloud' block is configured at %s; a backend is configured at %s. Remove the backend block to configure HCP Terraform or Terraform Enteprise.", m.CloudConfig.DeclRange, m.Backend.DeclRange),
-			Subject:  &m.Backend.DeclRange,
+			Summary:  "Only one of 'cloud', 'state_store', or 'backend' configuration blocks are allowed",
+			Detail: fmt.Sprintf("A module may only declare one 'cloud', 'state_store' OR 'backend' block when configuring state storage. "+
+				"The 'cloud' block is configured at %s; a 'state_store' is configured at %s; a 'backend' is configured at %s. Remove two of these blocks.",
+				m.CloudConfig.DeclRange, m.StateStore.DeclRange, m.Backend.DeclRange),
+			Subject: &m.Backend.DeclRange,
+		})
+	case m.CloudConfig != nil && m.Backend != nil:
+		diags = append(diags, &hcl.Diagnostic{
+			Severity: hcl.DiagError,
+			Summary:  "Conflicting 'cloud' and 'backend' configuration blocks are present",
+			Detail: fmt.Sprintf("A module may declare either one 'cloud' block OR one 'backend' block for configuring state storage. "+
+				"The 'cloud' block is configured at %s; a 'backend' is configured at %s. Remove the 'backend' block to configure HCP Terraform or Terraform Enterprise.",
+				m.CloudConfig.DeclRange, m.Backend.DeclRange),
+			Subject: &m.Backend.DeclRange,
+		})
+	case m.CloudConfig != nil && m.StateStore != nil:
+		diags = append(diags, &hcl.Diagnostic{
+			Severity: hcl.DiagError,
+			Summary:  "Conflicting 'cloud' and 'state_store' configuration blocks are present",
+			Detail: fmt.Sprintf("A module may declare either one 'cloud' block OR one 'state_store' block for configuring state storage. "+
+				"A 'cloud' block is configured at %s; a 'state_store' is configured at %s. Remove the 'state_store' block to configure HCP Terraform or Terraform Enterprise.",
+				m.CloudConfig.DeclRange, m.StateStore.DeclRange),
+			Subject: &m.StateStore.DeclRange,
+		})
+	case m.StateStore != nil && m.Backend != nil:
+		diags = append(diags, &hcl.Diagnostic{
+			Severity: hcl.DiagError,
+			Summary:  "Conflicting 'state_store' and 'backend' configuration blocks are present",
+			Detail: fmt.Sprintf("A module may declare either one 'state_store' block OR one 'backend' block when configuring state storage. "+
+				"A 'state_store' block is configured at %s; a 'backend' is configured at %s. Remove one of these blocks.",
+				m.StateStore.DeclRange, m.Backend.DeclRange),
+			Subject: &m.Backend.DeclRange,
 		})
 	}
 
@@ -613,8 +661,11 @@ func (m *Module) mergeFile(file *File) hcl.Diagnostics {
 	if len(file.Backends) != 0 {
 		switch len(file.Backends) {
 		case 1:
-			m.CloudConfig = nil // A backend block is mutually exclusive with a cloud one, and overwrites any cloud config
+			// The cloud, state_store, and backend blocks are mutually exclusive
+			// By setting a backend we must unset others
 			m.Backend = file.Backends[0]
+			m.CloudConfig = nil
+			m.StateStore = nil
 		default:
 			// An override file with multiple backends is still invalid, even
 			// though it can override backends from _other_ files.
@@ -627,11 +678,34 @@ func (m *Module) mergeFile(file *File) hcl.Diagnostics {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if len(file.StateStores) != 0 {
+		switch len(file.StateStores) {
+		case 1:
+			// The cloud, state_store, and backend blocks are mutually exclusive
+			// By setting a state_store we must unset others
+			m.Backend = nil
+			m.CloudConfig = nil
+			m.StateStore = file.StateStores[0]
+		default:
+			// An override file with multiple state storages is still invalid, even
+			// though it can override state storages from _other_ files.
+			diags = append(diags, &hcl.Diagnostic{
+				Severity: hcl.DiagError,
+				Summary:  "Duplicate state storage configuration",
+				Detail:   fmt.Sprintf("Each override file may have only one state storage configuration. A state storage was previously configured at %s.", file.StateStores[0].DeclRange),
+				Subject:  &file.StateStores[1].DeclRange,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
 	if len(file.CloudConfigs) != 0 {
 		switch len(file.CloudConfigs) {
 		case 1:
-			m.Backend = nil // A cloud block is mutually exclusive with a backend one, and overwrites any backend
+			// The cloud, state_store, and backend blocks are mutually exclusive
+			// By setting a cloud block we must unset others
+			m.Backend = nil
 			m.CloudConfig = file.CloudConfigs[0]
+			m.StateStore = nil
 		default:
 			// An override file with multiple cloud blocks is still invalid, even
 			// though it can override cloud/backend blocks from _other_ files.
diff --git a/internal/configs/module_test.go b/internal/configs/module_test.go
index 6f47afbab8..38af3f71ac 100644
--- a/internal/configs/module_test.go
+++ b/internal/configs/module_test.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/addrs"
 	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty"
 )
@@ -466,7 +467,7 @@ func TestModule_backend_multiple(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal("module should have error diags, but does not")
 		}
 
-		want := `Duplicate backend configuration`
+		want := `Duplicate 'backend' configuration block`
 		if got := diags.Error(); !strings.Contains(got, want) {
 			t.Fatalf("expected error to contain %q\nerror was:\n%s", want, got)
 		}
@@ -488,28 +489,188 @@ func TestModule_cloud_multiple(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-// Cannot combine use of backend, cloud blocks.
-func TestModule_conflicting_backend_cloud(t *testing.T) {
+// Cannot combine use of backend, cloud, state_store blocks.
+func TestModule_conflicting_backend_cloud_stateStore(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		dir              string
+		wantMsg          string
+		allowExperiments bool
+	}{
+		"cloud backends conflict": {
+			// detects when both cloud and backend blocks are in the same terraform block
+			dir:     "testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-backend",
+			wantMsg: `Conflicting 'cloud' and 'backend' configuration blocks are present`,
+		},
+		"cloud backends conflict separate": {
+			// it detects when both cloud and backend blocks are present in the same module in separate files
+			dir:     "testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-backend-separate-files",
+			wantMsg: `Conflicting 'cloud' and 'backend' configuration blocks are present`,
+		},
+		"cloud state store conflict": {
+			// detects when both cloud and state_store blocks are in the same terraform block
+			dir:              "testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-statestore",
+			wantMsg:          `Conflicting 'cloud' and 'state_store' configuration blocks are present`,
+			allowExperiments: true,
+		},
+		"cloud state store conflict separate": {
+			// it detects when both cloud and state_store blocks are present in the same module in separate files
+			dir:              "testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-statestore-separate-files",
+			wantMsg:          `Conflicting 'cloud' and 'state_store' configuration blocks are present`,
+			allowExperiments: true,
+		},
+		"state store backend conflict": {
+			// it detects when both state_store and backend blocks are in the same terraform block
+			dir:              "testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-statestore-backend",
+			wantMsg:          `Conflicting 'state_store' and 'backend' configuration blocks are present`,
+			allowExperiments: true,
+		},
+		"state store backend conflict separate": {
+			// it detects when both state_store and backend blocks are present in the same module in separate files
+			dir:              "testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-statestore-backend-separate-files",
+			wantMsg:          `Conflicting 'state_store' and 'backend' configuration blocks are present`,
+			allowExperiments: true,
+		},
+		"cloud backend state store conflict": {
+			// it detects all 3 of cloud, state_storage and backend blocks are in the same terraform block
+			dir:              "testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-backend-statestore",
+			wantMsg:          `Only one of 'cloud', 'state_store', or 'backend' configuration blocks are allowed`,
+			allowExperiments: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.dir, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var diags hcl.Diagnostics
+			if tc.allowExperiments {
+				_, diags = testModuleFromDirWithExperiments(tc.dir)
+			} else {
+				_, diags = testModuleFromDir(tc.dir)
+			}
+			if !diags.HasErrors() {
+				t.Fatal("module should have error diags, but does not")
+			}
+
+			if got := diags.Error(); !strings.Contains(got, tc.wantMsg) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected error to contain %q\nerror was:\n%s", tc.wantMsg, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
 
-	t.Run("it detects when both cloud and backend blocks are in the same terraform block", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, diags := testModuleFromDir("testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-backend")
-		if !diags.HasErrors() {
-			t.Fatal("module should have error diags, but does not")
+func TestModule_stateStore_overrides_stateStore(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("it can override a state_store block with a different state_store block", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mod, diags := testModuleFromDir("testdata/valid-modules/override-state-store")
+		if diags.HasErrors() {
+			t.Fatal(diags.Error())
 		}
 
-		want := `Both a backend and cloud configuration are present`
-		if got := diags.Error(); !strings.Contains(got, want) {
-			t.Fatalf("expected error to contain %q\nerror was:\n%s", want, got)
+		if mod.StateStore == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected parsed module to include a state store, found none")
+		}
+
+		// Check type override
+		gotType := mod.StateStore.Type
+		wantType := "foo_override"
+		if gotType != wantType {
+			t.Errorf("wrong result for state_store type: got %#v, want %#v\n", gotType, wantType)
+		}
+
+		// Check custom attribute override
+		attrs, _ := mod.StateStore.Config.JustAttributes()
+		gotAttr, diags := attrs["custom_attr"].Expr.Value(nil)
+		if diags.HasErrors() {
+			t.Fatal(diags.Error())
+		}
+		wantAttr := cty.StringVal("override")
+		if !gotAttr.RawEquals(wantAttr) {
+			t.Errorf("wrong result for state_store 'custom_attr': got %#v, want %#v\n", gotAttr, wantAttr)
+		}
+
+		// Check provider reference override
+		wantLocalName := "bar"
+		if mod.StateStore.Provider.Name != wantLocalName {
+			t.Errorf("wrong result for state_store 'provider' value's local name: got %#v, want %#v\n", mod.StateStore.Provider.Name, wantLocalName)
 		}
 	})
+}
+
+// Unlike most other overrides, state_store blocks do not require a base configuration in a primary
+// configuration file, as an omitted backend there implies the local backend.
+func TestModule_stateStore_override_no_base(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("it can introduce a state_store block via overrides when the base config has has no cloud, backend, or state_store blocks", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mod, diags := testModuleFromDir("testdata/valid-modules/override-state-store-no-base")
+		if diags.HasErrors() {
+			t.Fatal(diags.Error())
+		}
+
+		if mod.StateStore == nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected module StateStore not to be nil")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestModule_stateStore_overrides_backend(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("it can override a backend block with a state_store block", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mod, diags := testModuleFromDir("testdata/valid-modules/override-backend-with-state-store")
+		if diags.HasErrors() {
+			t.Fatal(diags.Error())
+		}
+
+		// Backend not set
+		if mod.Backend != nil {
+			t.Errorf("backend should not be set: got %#v\n", mod.Backend)
+		}
+
+		// Check state_store
+		if mod.StateStore == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected parsed module to include a state store, found none")
+		}
+
+		gotType := mod.StateStore.Type
+		wantType := "foo_override"
+		if gotType != wantType {
+			t.Errorf("wrong result for state_store type: got %#v, want %#v\n", gotType, wantType)
+		}
+
+		// Not necessary to assert all values in state_store
+	})
+}
+
+func TestModule_stateStore_overrides_cloud(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("it can override a cloud block with a state_store block", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mod, diags := testModuleFromDir("testdata/valid-modules/override-cloud-with-state-store")
+		if diags.HasErrors() {
+			t.Fatal(diags.Error())
+		}
+
+		// CloudConfig not set
+		if mod.CloudConfig != nil {
+			t.Errorf("backend should not be set: got %#v\n", mod.Backend)
+		}
+
+		// Check state_store
+		if mod.StateStore == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected parsed module to include a state store, found none")
+		}
+		gotType := mod.StateStore.Type
+		wantType := "foo_override"
+		if gotType != wantType {
+			t.Errorf("wrong result for state_store type: got %#v, want %#v\n", gotType, wantType)
+		}
+
+		// Not necessary to assert all values in state_store
+	})
+}
+
+func TestModule_state_store_multiple(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("it detects when two state_store blocks are present within the same module in separate files", func(t *testing.T) {
 
-	t.Run("it detects when both cloud and backend blocks are present within the same module in separate files", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, diags := testModuleFromDir("testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-backend-separate-files")
+		_, diags := testModuleFromDir("testdata/invalid-modules/multiple-state-store")
 		if !diags.HasErrors() {
 			t.Fatal("module should have error diags, but does not")
 		}
 
-		want := `Both a backend and cloud configuration are present`
+		want := `Duplicate 'state_store' configuration block`
 		if got := diags.Error(); !strings.Contains(got, want) {
 			t.Fatalf("expected error to contain %q\nerror was:\n%s", want, got)
 		}
diff --git a/internal/configs/parser_config.go b/internal/configs/parser_config.go
index 05c6e7e1e9..8af6b7cc7d 100644
--- a/internal/configs/parser_config.go
+++ b/internal/configs/parser_config.go
@@ -104,6 +104,14 @@ func parseConfigFile(body hcl.Body, diags hcl.Diagnostics, override, allowExperi
 		switch block.Type {
 
 		case "terraform":
+			// TODO: Update once pluggable state store is out of experimental phase
+			if allowExperiments {
+				terraformBlockSchema.Blocks = append(terraformBlockSchema.Blocks,
+					hcl.BlockHeaderSchema{
+						Type:       "state_store",
+						LabelNames: []string{"type"},
+					})
+			}
 			content, contentDiags := block.Body.Content(terraformBlockSchema)
 			diags = append(diags, contentDiags...)
 
@@ -121,6 +129,12 @@ func parseConfigFile(body hcl.Body, diags hcl.Diagnostics, override, allowExperi
 						file.Backends = append(file.Backends, backendCfg)
 					}
 
+				case "state_store":
+					stateStoreCfg, cfgDiags := decodeStateStoreBlock(innerBlock)
+					diags = append(diags, cfgDiags...)
+					if stateStoreCfg != nil {
+						file.StateStores = append(file.StateStores, stateStoreCfg)
+					}
 				case "cloud":
 					cloudCfg, cfgDiags := decodeCloudBlock(innerBlock)
 					diags = append(diags, cfgDiags...)
diff --git a/internal/configs/state_store.go b/internal/configs/state_store.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4fe4c0a896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/state_store.go
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
+
+package configs
+
+import (
+	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2"
+)
+
+// StateStore represents a "state_store" block inside a "terraform" block
+// in a module or file.
+type StateStore struct {
+	Type   string
+	Config hcl.Body
+
+	Provider *Provider
+
+	TypeRange hcl.Range
+	DeclRange hcl.Range
+}
+
+func decodeStateStoreBlock(block *hcl.Block) (*StateStore, hcl.Diagnostics) {
+	var diags hcl.Diagnostics
+	ss := &StateStore{
+		Type:      block.Labels[0],
+		TypeRange: block.LabelRanges[0],
+		Config:    block.Body,
+		DeclRange: block.DefRange,
+	}
+
+	content, remain, moreDiags := block.Body.PartialContent(StateStorageBlockSchema)
+	diags = append(diags, moreDiags...)
+	ss.Config = remain
+
+	if len(content.Blocks) == 0 {
+		return nil, append(diags, &hcl.Diagnostic{
+			Severity: hcl.DiagError,
+			Summary:  "Missing provider block",
+			Detail:   "A 'provider' block is required in 'state_store' blocks",
+			Subject:  block.Body.MissingItemRange().Ptr(),
+		})
+	}
+	if len(content.Blocks) > 1 {
+		return nil, append(diags, &hcl.Diagnostic{
+			Severity: hcl.DiagError,
+			Summary:  "Duplicate provider block",
+			Detail:   "Only one 'provider' block should be present in a 'state_store' block",
+			Subject:  &content.Blocks[1].DefRange,
+		})
+	}
+
+	providerBlock := content.Blocks[0]
+
+	provider, providerDiags := decodeProviderBlock(providerBlock, false)
+	if providerDiags.HasErrors() {
+		return nil, append(diags, providerDiags...)
+	}
+	if provider.AliasRange != nil {
+		// This block is in its own namespace in the state_store block; aliases are irrelevant
+		return nil, append(diags, &hcl.Diagnostic{
+			Severity: hcl.DiagError,
+			Summary:  "Unexpected provider alias",
+			Detail:   "Aliases are disallowed in the 'provider' block in the 'state_store' block",
+			Subject:  provider.AliasRange,
+		})
+	}
+
+	ss.Provider = provider
+
+	return ss, diags
+}
+
+var StateStorageBlockSchema = &hcl.BodySchema{
+	Blocks: []hcl.BlockHeaderSchema{
+		{
+			Type:       "provider",
+			LabelNames: []string{"type"},
+		},
+	},
+}
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-backend-statestore/main.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-backend-statestore/main.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bed97f8c22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-backend-statestore/main.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+terraform {
+  backend "foo" {}
+
+  cloud {
+    organization = "foo"
+    workspaces {
+      name = "value"
+    }
+  }
+
+  state_store "foo_bar" {
+    provider "foo" {}
+
+    custom_attr = "override"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-statestore-separate-files/cloud.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-statestore-separate-files/cloud.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8db6b98b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-statestore-separate-files/cloud.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+terraform {
+  cloud {
+    organization = "foo"
+    workspaces {
+      name = "value"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-statestore-separate-files/state-store.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-statestore-separate-files/state-store.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1734bc678c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-statestore-separate-files/state-store.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+terraform {
+  state_store "foo_bar" {
+    provider "foo" {}
+
+    custom_attr = "override"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-statestore/main.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-statestore/main.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b36cfde239
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-cloud-statestore/main.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+terraform {
+  cloud {
+    organization = "foo"
+    workspaces {
+      name = "value"
+    }
+  }
+
+  state_store "foo_bar" {
+    provider "foo" {}
+
+    custom_attr = "override"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-statestore-backend-separate-files/backend.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-statestore-backend-separate-files/backend.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bee4ccf4a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-statestore-backend-separate-files/backend.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+terraform {
+  backend "foo" {}
+}
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-statestore-backend-separate-files/state-store.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-statestore-backend-separate-files/state-store.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1734bc678c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-statestore-backend-separate-files/state-store.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+terraform {
+  state_store "foo_bar" {
+    provider "foo" {}
+
+    custom_attr = "override"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-statestore-backend/main.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-statestore-backend/main.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d800ba8d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/conflict-statestore-backend/main.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+terraform {
+  backend "foo" {}
+
+  state_store "foo_bar" {
+    provider "foo" {}
+
+    custom_attr = "override"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/multiple-state-store/a.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/multiple-state-store/a.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1734bc678c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/multiple-state-store/a.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+terraform {
+  state_store "foo_bar" {
+    provider "foo" {}
+
+    custom_attr = "override"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/multiple-state-store/b.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/multiple-state-store/b.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d26e9aa01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/invalid-modules/multiple-state-store/b.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+terraform {
+  state_store "bar_bar" {
+    provider "bar" {}
+
+    custom_attr = "override"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-backend-with-state-store/main.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-backend-with-state-store/main.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56fb72f329
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-backend-with-state-store/main.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+terraform {
+  backend "foo" {
+    path = "relative/path/to/terraform.tfstate"
+  }
+}
+
+resource "aws_instance" "web" {
+  ami = "ami-1234"
+  security_groups = [
+    "foo",
+    "bar",
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-backend-with-state-store/override.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-backend-with-state-store/override.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb9d576e09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-backend-with-state-store/override.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+terraform {
+  // Note: not valid config - a paired entry in required_providers is usually needed
+  state_store "foo_override" {
+    provider "foo" {}
+
+    custom_attr = "override"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-cloud-with-state-store/main.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-cloud-with-state-store/main.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a96740450f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-cloud-with-state-store/main.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+terraform {
+  cloud {
+    organization = "foo"
+  }
+}
+
+resource "aws_instance" "web" {
+  ami = "ami-1234"
+  security_groups = [
+    "foo",
+    "bar",
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-cloud-with-state-store/override.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-cloud-with-state-store/override.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d684746911
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-cloud-with-state-store/override.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+terraform {
+  // Note: not valid config - a paired entry in required_providers is usually needed
+  state_store "foo_override" {
+    provider "foo" {}
+
+    custom_attr = "override"
+  }
+}
+
+provider "bar" {}
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-state-store-no-base/main.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-state-store-no-base/main.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7bb1380e65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-state-store-no-base/main.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+resource "aws_instance" "web" {
+  ami = "ami-1234"
+  security_groups = [
+    "foo",
+    "bar",
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-state-store-no-base/override.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-state-store-no-base/override.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1775231b41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-state-store-no-base/override.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+terraform {
+  // Note: not valid config - a paired entry in required_providers is usually needed
+  state_store "foo_bar" {
+    provider "foo" {}
+
+    custom_attr = "foobar"
+  }
+}
+
+provider "foo" {}
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-state-store/main.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-state-store/main.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..862a56ac4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-state-store/main.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+terraform {
+  // Note: not valid config - a paired entry in required_providers is usually needed
+  state_store "foo_bar" {
+    provider "foo" {}
+
+    custom_attr = "foobar"
+  }
+}
+
+resource "aws_instance" "web" {
+  ami = "ami-1234"
+  security_groups = [
+    "foo",
+    "bar",
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-state-store/override.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-state-store/override.tf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ee1a566db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/valid-modules/override-state-store/override.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+terraform {
+  // Note: not valid config - a paired entry in required_providers is usually needed
+  state_store "foo_override" {
+    provider "bar" {}
+
+    custom_attr = "override"
+  }
+}
+
+provider "bar" {}