// Copyright IBM Corp. 2014, 2026
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1

package jsonstate

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"maps"
	"slices"
	"sort"

	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty"
	ctyjson "github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty/json"

	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/addrs"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/command/jsonchecks"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/lang/marks"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/states"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/states/statefile"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/terraform"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/tfdiags"
)

const (
	// FormatVersion represents the version of the json format and will be
	// incremented for any change to this format that requires changes to a
	// consuming parser.
	FormatVersion = "1.0"

	ManagedResourceMode = "managed"
	DataResourceMode    = "data"
)

// state is the top-level representation of the json format of a terraform
// state.
type state struct {
	FormatVersion    string          `json:"format_version,omitempty"`
	TerraformVersion string          `json:"terraform_version,omitempty"`
	Values           *stateValues    `json:"values,omitempty"`
	Checks           json.RawMessage `json:"checks,omitempty"`
}

// stateValues is the common representation of resolved values for both the prior
// state (which is always complete) and the planned new state.
type stateValues struct {
	Outputs    map[string]Output `json:"outputs,omitempty"`
	RootModule Module            `json:"root_module,omitempty"`
}

type Output struct {
	Sensitive bool            `json:"sensitive"`
	Value     json.RawMessage `json:"value,omitempty"`
	Type      json.RawMessage `json:"type,omitempty"`
}

// Module is the representation of a module in state. This can be the root module
// or a child module
type Module struct {
	// Resources are sorted in a user-friendly order that is undefined at this
	// time, but consistent.
	Resources []Resource `json:"resources,omitempty"`

	// Address is the absolute module address, omitted for the root module
	Address string `json:"address,omitempty"`

	// Each module object can optionally have its own nested "child_modules",
	// recursively describing the full module tree.
	ChildModules []Module `json:"child_modules,omitempty"`
}

// Resource is the representation of a resource in the state.
type Resource struct {
	// Address is the absolute resource address
	Address string `json:"address,omitempty"`

	// Mode can be "managed" or "data"
	Mode string `json:"mode,omitempty"`

	Type string `json:"type,omitempty"`
	Name string `json:"name,omitempty"`

	// Index is omitted for a resource not using `count` or `for_each`.
	Index json.RawMessage `json:"index,omitempty"`

	// ProviderName allows the property "type" to be interpreted unambiguously
	// in the unusual situation where a provider offers a resource type whose
	// name does not start with its own name, such as the "googlebeta" provider
	// offering "google_compute_instance".
	ProviderName string `json:"provider_name"`

	// SchemaVersion indicates which version of the resource type schema the
	// "values" property conforms to.
	SchemaVersion uint64 `json:"schema_version"`

	// AttributeValues is the JSON representation of the attribute values of the
	// resource, whose structure depends on the resource type schema. Any
	// unknown values are omitted or set to null, making them indistinguishable
	// from absent values.
	AttributeValues AttributeValues `json:"values,omitempty"`

	// SensitiveValues is similar to AttributeValues, but with all sensitive
	// values replaced with true, and all non-sensitive leaf values omitted.
	SensitiveValues json.RawMessage `json:"sensitive_values,omitempty"`

	// DependsOn contains a list of the resource's dependencies. The entries are
	// addresses relative to the containing module.
	DependsOn []string `json:"depends_on,omitempty"`

	// Tainted is true if the resource is tainted in terraform state.
	Tainted bool `json:"tainted,omitempty"`

	// Deposed is set if the resource is deposed in terraform state.
	DeposedKey string `json:"deposed_key,omitempty"`

	// The version of the resource identity schema the "identity" property
	// conforms to.
	// It's a pointer, because it should be optional, but also 0 is a valid
	// schema version.
	IdentitySchemaVersion *uint64 `json:"identity_schema_version,omitempty"`

	// The JSON representation of the resource identity, whose structure
	// depends on the resource identity schema.
	IdentityValues IdentityValues `json:"identity,omitempty"`
}

// AttributeValues is the JSON representation of the attribute values of the
// resource, whose structure depends on the resource type schema.
type AttributeValues map[string]json.RawMessage

// IdentityValues is the JSON representation of the identity values of the
// resource, whose structure depends on the resource identity schema.
type IdentityValues map[string]json.RawMessage

func marshalAttributeValues(value cty.Value) (unmarkedVal cty.Value, marshalledVals AttributeValues, sensitivePaths []cty.Path, err error) {
	// unmark our value to show all values
	value, sensitivePaths, err = unmarkValueForMarshaling(value)
	if err != nil {
		return cty.NilVal, nil, nil, err
	}

	if value == cty.NilVal || value.IsNull() {
		return value, nil, nil, nil
	}

	ret := make(AttributeValues)

	it := value.ElementIterator()
	for it.Next() {
		k, v := it.Element()
		vJSON, _ := ctyjson.Marshal(v, v.Type())
		ret[k.AsString()] = json.RawMessage(vJSON)
	}
	return value, ret, sensitivePaths, nil
}

func marshalIdentityValues(value cty.Value) (IdentityValues, error) {
	if value == cty.NilVal || value.IsNull() {
		return nil, nil
	}

	ret := make(IdentityValues)
	it := value.ElementIterator()
	for it.Next() {
		k, v := it.Element()
		vJSON, _ := ctyjson.Marshal(v, v.Type())
		ret[k.AsString()] = json.RawMessage(vJSON)
	}
	return ret, nil
}

// newState() returns a minimally-initialized state
func newState() *state {
	return &state{
		FormatVersion: FormatVersion,
	}
}

// MarshalForRenderer returns the pre-json encoding changes of the state, in a
// format available to the structured renderer.
func MarshalForRenderer(sf *statefile.File, schemas *terraform.Schemas) (Module, map[string]Output, error) {
	if sf.State.Modules == nil {
		// Empty state case.
		return Module{}, nil, nil
	}

	outputs, err := MarshalOutputs(sf.State.RootOutputValues)
	if err != nil {
		return Module{}, nil, err
	}

	root, err := marshalRootModule(sf.State, schemas)
	if err != nil {
		return Module{}, nil, err
	}

	return root, outputs, err
}

// Marshal returns the json encoding of a terraform state.
func Marshal(sf *statefile.File, schemas *terraform.Schemas) ([]byte, error) {
	output := newState()

	if sf == nil || sf.State.Empty() {
		ret, err := json.Marshal(output)
		return ret, err
	}

	if sf.TerraformVersion != nil {
		output.TerraformVersion = sf.TerraformVersion.String()
	}
	// output.StateValues
	err := output.marshalStateValues(sf.State, schemas)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// output.Checks
	if sf.State.CheckResults != nil && sf.State.CheckResults.ConfigResults.Len() > 0 {
		output.Checks = jsonchecks.MarshalCheckStates(sf.State.CheckResults)
	}

	ret, err := json.Marshal(output)
	return ret, err
}

func (jsonstate *state) marshalStateValues(s *states.State, schemas *terraform.Schemas) error {
	var sv stateValues
	var err error

	// only marshal the root module outputs
	sv.Outputs, err = MarshalOutputs(s.RootOutputValues)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// use the state and module map to build up the module structure
	sv.RootModule, err = marshalRootModule(s, schemas)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	jsonstate.Values = &sv
	return nil
}

// MarshalOutputs translates a map of states.OutputValue to a map of jsonstate.Output,
// which are defined for json encoding.
func MarshalOutputs(outputs map[string]*states.OutputValue) (map[string]Output, error) {
	if outputs == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}

	ret := make(map[string]Output)
	for k, v := range outputs {
		ty := v.Value.Type()
		ov, err := ctyjson.Marshal(v.Value, ty)
		if err != nil {
			return ret, err
		}
		ot, err := ctyjson.MarshalType(ty)
		if err != nil {
			return ret, err
		}
		ret[k] = Output{
			Value:     ov,
			Type:      ot,
			Sensitive: v.Sensitive,
		}
	}

	return ret, nil
}

func marshalRootModule(s *states.State, schemas *terraform.Schemas) (Module, error) {
	var ret Module
	var err error

	ret.Address = ""
	rs, err := marshalResources(s.RootModule().Resources, schemas)
	if err != nil {
		return ret, err
	}
	ret.Resources = rs

	// build a map of module -> set[child module addresses]
	moduleChildSet := make(map[string]map[string]struct{})
	for _, mod := range s.Modules {
		if mod.Addr.IsRoot() {
			continue
		} else {
			for childAddr := mod.Addr; !childAddr.IsRoot(); childAddr = childAddr.Parent() {
				if _, ok := moduleChildSet[childAddr.Parent().String()]; !ok {
					moduleChildSet[childAddr.Parent().String()] = map[string]struct{}{}
				}
				moduleChildSet[childAddr.Parent().String()][childAddr.String()] = struct{}{}
			}
		}
	}

	// transform the previous map into map of module -> [child module addresses]
	moduleMap := make(map[string][]addrs.ModuleInstance)
	for parent, children := range moduleChildSet {
		for child := range children {
			childModuleInstance, diags := addrs.ParseModuleInstanceStr(child)
			if diags.HasErrors() {
				return ret, diags.Err()
			}
			moduleMap[parent] = append(moduleMap[parent], childModuleInstance)
		}
	}

	// use the state and module map to build up the module structure
	ret.ChildModules, err = marshalModules(s, schemas, moduleMap[""], moduleMap)
	return ret, err
}

// marshalModules is an ungainly recursive function to build a module structure
// out of terraform state.
func marshalModules(
	s *states.State,
	schemas *terraform.Schemas,
	modules []addrs.ModuleInstance,
	moduleMap map[string][]addrs.ModuleInstance,
) ([]Module, error) {
	var ret []Module
	for _, child := range modules {
		// cm for child module, naming things is hard.
		cm := Module{Address: child.String()}

		// the module may be resourceless and contain only submodules, it will then be nil here
		stateMod := s.Module(child)
		if stateMod != nil {
			rs, err := marshalResources(stateMod.Resources, schemas)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			cm.Resources = rs
		}

		if moduleMap[child.String()] != nil {
			moreChildModules, err := marshalModules(s, schemas, moduleMap[child.String()], moduleMap)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			cm.ChildModules = moreChildModules
		}

		ret = append(ret, cm)
	}

	// sort the child modules by address for consistency.
	sort.Slice(ret, func(i, j int) bool {
		return ret[i].Address < ret[j].Address
	})

	return ret, nil
}

func marshalResources(resources map[string]*states.Resource, schemas *terraform.Schemas) ([]Resource, error) {
	var ret []Resource

	var sortedResources []*states.Resource
	for _, r := range resources {
		sortedResources = append(sortedResources, r)
	}
	sort.Slice(sortedResources, func(i, j int) bool {
		return sortedResources[i].Addr.Less(sortedResources[j].Addr)
	})

	for _, r := range sortedResources {
		var sortedKeys []addrs.InstanceKey
		for k := range r.Instances {
			sortedKeys = append(sortedKeys, k)
		}
		sort.Slice(sortedKeys, func(i, j int) bool {
			return addrs.InstanceKeyLess(sortedKeys[i], sortedKeys[j])
		})

		for _, k := range sortedKeys {
			ri := r.Instances[k]

			var err error

			resAddr := r.Addr.Resource

			current := Resource{
				Address:      r.Addr.Instance(k).String(),
				Type:         resAddr.Type,
				Name:         resAddr.Name,
				ProviderName: r.ProviderConfig.Provider.String(),
			}

			if k != nil {
				index := k.Value()
				if current.Index, err = ctyjson.Marshal(index, index.Type()); err != nil {
					return nil, err
				}
			}

			switch resAddr.Mode {
			case addrs.ManagedResourceMode:
				current.Mode = ManagedResourceMode
			case addrs.DataResourceMode:
				current.Mode = DataResourceMode
			default:
				return ret, fmt.Errorf("resource %s has an unsupported mode %s",
					resAddr.String(),
					resAddr.Mode.String(),
				)
			}

			schema := schemas.ResourceTypeConfig(
				r.ProviderConfig.Provider,
				resAddr.Mode,
				resAddr.Type,
			)

			// It is possible that the only instance is deposed
			if ri.Current != nil {
				if schema.Version != int64(ri.Current.SchemaVersion) {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("schema version %d for %s in state does not match version %d from the provider", ri.Current.SchemaVersion, resAddr, schema.Version)
				}

				current.SchemaVersion = ri.Current.SchemaVersion

				if schema.Body == nil {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("no schema found for %s (in provider %s)", resAddr.String(), r.ProviderConfig.Provider)
				}

				// Check if we have an identity in the state
				if ri.Current.IdentityJSON != nil {
					if schema.IdentityVersion != int64(ri.Current.IdentitySchemaVersion) {
						return nil, fmt.Errorf("resource identity schema version %d for %s in state does not match version %d from the provider", ri.Current.IdentitySchemaVersion, resAddr, schema.IdentityVersion)
					}

					if schema.Identity == nil {
						return nil, fmt.Errorf("no resource identity schema found for %s (in provider %s)", resAddr.String(), r.ProviderConfig.Provider)
					}

					current.IdentitySchemaVersion = &ri.Current.IdentitySchemaVersion
				}

				riObj, err := ri.Current.Decode(schema)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, err
				}

				var value cty.Value
				var sensitivePaths []cty.Path
				value, current.AttributeValues, sensitivePaths, err = marshalAttributeValues(riObj.Value)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("preparing attribute values for %s: %w", current.Address, err)
				}
				sensitivePaths = append(sensitivePaths, schema.Body.SensitivePaths(value, nil)...)
				s := SensitiveAsBool(marks.MarkPaths(value, marks.Sensitive, sensitivePaths))
				v, err := ctyjson.Marshal(s, s.Type())
				if err != nil {
					return nil, err
				}
				current.SensitiveValues = v

				current.IdentityValues, err = marshalIdentityValues(riObj.Identity)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("preparing identity values for %s: %w", current.Address, err)
				}

				if len(riObj.Dependencies) > 0 {
					dependencies := make([]string, len(riObj.Dependencies))
					for i, v := range riObj.Dependencies {
						dependencies[i] = v.String()
					}
					current.DependsOn = dependencies
				}

				if riObj.Status == states.ObjectTainted {
					current.Tainted = true
				}
				ret = append(ret, current)
			}

			for _, deposedKey := range slices.Sorted(maps.Keys(ri.Deposed)) {
				rios := ri.Deposed[states.DeposedKey(deposedKey)]

				// copy the base fields from the current instance
				deposed := Resource{
					Address:      current.Address,
					Type:         current.Type,
					Name:         current.Name,
					ProviderName: current.ProviderName,
					Mode:         current.Mode,
					Index:        current.Index,
				}

				riObj, err := rios.Decode(schema)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, err
				}

				var value cty.Value
				var sensitivePaths []cty.Path
				value, deposed.AttributeValues, sensitivePaths, err = marshalAttributeValues(riObj.Value)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("preparing attribute values for %s: %w", current.Address, err)
				}
				sensitivePaths = append(sensitivePaths, schema.Body.SensitivePaths(value, nil)...)
				s := SensitiveAsBool(marks.MarkPaths(value, marks.Sensitive, sensitivePaths))
				v, err := ctyjson.Marshal(s, s.Type())
				if err != nil {
					return nil, err
				}
				deposed.SensitiveValues = v

				deposed.IdentityValues, err = marshalIdentityValues(riObj.Identity)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("preparing identity values for %s: %w", current.Address, err)
				}

				if len(riObj.Dependencies) > 0 {
					dependencies := make([]string, len(riObj.Dependencies))
					for i, v := range riObj.Dependencies {
						dependencies[i] = v.String()
					}
					deposed.DependsOn = dependencies
				}

				if riObj.Status == states.ObjectTainted {
					deposed.Tainted = true
				}
				deposed.DeposedKey = string(deposedKey)
				ret = append(ret, deposed)
			}
		}
	}

	return ret, nil
}

func SensitiveAsBool(val cty.Value) cty.Value {
	if marks.Has(val, marks.Sensitive) {
		return cty.True
	}

	ty := val.Type()
	switch {
	case val.IsNull(), ty.IsPrimitiveType(), ty.Equals(cty.DynamicPseudoType):
		return cty.False
	case ty.IsListType() || ty.IsTupleType() || ty.IsSetType():
		if !val.IsKnown() {
			// If the collection is unknown we can't say anything about the
			// sensitivity of its contents
			return cty.EmptyTupleVal
		}
		length := val.LengthInt()
		if length == 0 {
			// If there are no elements then we can't have sensitive values
			return cty.EmptyTupleVal
		}
		vals := make([]cty.Value, 0, length)
		it := val.ElementIterator()
		for it.Next() {
			_, v := it.Element()
			vals = append(vals, SensitiveAsBool(v))
		}
		// The above transform may have changed the types of some of the
		// elements, so we'll always use a tuple here in case we've now made
		// different elements have different types. Our ultimate goal is to
		// marshal to JSON anyway, and all of these sequence types are
		// indistinguishable in JSON.
		return cty.TupleVal(vals)
	case ty.IsMapType() || ty.IsObjectType():
		if !val.IsKnown() {
			// If the map/object is unknown we can't say anything about the
			// sensitivity of its attributes
			return cty.EmptyObjectVal
		}
		var length int
		switch {
		case ty.IsMapType():
			length = val.LengthInt()
		default:
			length = len(val.Type().AttributeTypes())
		}
		if length == 0 {
			// If there are no elements then we can't have sensitive values
			return cty.EmptyObjectVal
		}
		vals := make(map[string]cty.Value)
		it := val.ElementIterator()
		for it.Next() {
			k, v := it.Element()
			s := SensitiveAsBool(v)
			// Omit all of the "false"s for non-sensitive values for more
			// compact serialization
			if !s.RawEquals(cty.False) {
				vals[k.AsString()] = s
			}
		}
		// The above transform may have changed the types of some of the
		// elements, so we'll always use an object here in case we've now made
		// different elements have different types. Our ultimate goal is to
		// marshal to JSON anyway, and all of these mapping types are
		// indistinguishable in JSON.
		return cty.ObjectVal(vals)
	default:
		// Should never happen, since the above should cover all types
		panic(fmt.Sprintf("sensitiveAsBool cannot handle %#v", val))
	}
}

// unmarkValueForMarshaling takes a value that possibly contains marked values
// and returns an equal value without markings along with the separated mark
// metadata that should be presented alongside the value in another JSON
// property.
//
// This function only accepts the marks that are valid to persist, and so will
// return an error if other marks are present. Marks that this package doesn't
// know how to store must be dealt with somehow by a caller -- presumably by
// replacing each marked value with some sort of storage placeholder.
func unmarkValueForMarshaling(v cty.Value) (unmarkedV cty.Value, sensitivePaths []cty.Path, err error) {
	val, pvms := v.UnmarkDeepWithPaths()
	sensitivePaths, otherMarks := marks.PathsWithMark(pvms, marks.Sensitive)
	_, otherMarks = marks.PathsWithMark(otherMarks, marks.Deprecation)
	if len(otherMarks) != 0 {
		return cty.NilVal, nil, fmt.Errorf(
			"%s: cannot serialize value marked as %#v for inclusion in a state snapshot (this is a bug in Terraform)",
			tfdiags.FormatCtyPath(otherMarks[0].Path), otherMarks[0].Marks,
		)
	}
	return val, sensitivePaths, err
}
