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135 lines
4.1 KiB
135 lines
4.1 KiB
---
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modeline: |
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vim: set ft=pandoc:
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description: |
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The Qemu Packer builder is able to create KVM and Xen virtual machine images.
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layout: docs
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page_title: 'QEMU - Builders'
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sidebar_current: 'docs-builders-qemu'
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---
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# QEMU Builder
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Type: `qemu`
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The Qemu Packer builder is able to create [KVM](http://www.linux-kvm.org) and
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[Xen](http://www.xenproject.org) virtual machine images.
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The builder builds a virtual machine by creating a new virtual machine from
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scratch, booting it, installing an OS, rebooting the machine with the boot media
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as the virtual hard drive, provisioning software within the OS, then shutting it
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down. The result of the Qemu builder is a directory containing the image file
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necessary to run the virtual machine on KVM or Xen.
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## Basic Example
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Here is a basic example. This example is functional so long as you fixup paths
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to files, URLS for ISOs and checksums.
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``` json
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{
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"builders":
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[
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{
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"type": "qemu",
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"iso_url": "http://mirror.raystedman.net/centos/6/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.9-x86_64-minimal.iso",
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"iso_checksum": "af4a1640c0c6f348c6c41f1ea9e192a2",
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"iso_checksum_type": "md5",
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"output_directory": "output_centos_tdhtest",
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"shutdown_command": "echo 'packer' | sudo -S shutdown -P now",
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"disk_size": 5000,
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"format": "qcow2",
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"accelerator": "kvm",
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"http_directory": "path/to/httpdir",
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"ssh_username": "root",
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"ssh_password": "s0m3password",
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"ssh_timeout": "20m",
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"vm_name": "tdhtest",
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"net_device": "virtio-net",
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"disk_interface": "virtio",
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"boot_wait": "10s",
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"boot_command": [
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"<tab> text ks=http://{{ .HTTPIP }}:{{ .HTTPPort }}/centos6-ks.cfg<enter><wait>"
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]
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}
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]
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}
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```
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This is an example only, and will time out waiting for SSH because we have not
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provided a kickstart file. You must add a valid kickstart file to the
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"http_directory" and then provide the file in the "boot_command" in order for
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this build to run. We recommend you check out the
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[Community Templates](https://www.packer.io/community-tools.html#templates)
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for a practical usage example.
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## Configuration Reference
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There are many configuration options available for the Qemu builder. They are
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organized below into two categories: required and optional. Within each
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category, the available options are alphabetized and described.
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In addition to the options listed here, a
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[communicator](/docs/templates/communicator.html) can be configured for this
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builder.
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Note that you will need to set `"headless": true` if you are running Packer
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on a Linux server without X11; or if you are connected via ssh to a remote
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Linux server and have not enabled X11 forwarding (`ssh -X`).
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## ISO Configuration Reference
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<%= partial "partials/common/ISOConfig" %>
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### Required:
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<%= partial "partials/common/ISOConfig-required" %>
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### Optional:
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<%= partial "partials/common/ISOConfig-not-required" %>
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## Http directory configuration reference
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<%= partial "partials/common/HTTPConfig" %>
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### Optional:
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<%= partial "partials/common/HTTPConfig-not-required" %>
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## Floppy configuration reference
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<%= partial "partials/common/FloppyConfig" %>
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### Optional:
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<%= partial "partials/common/FloppyConfig-not-required" %>
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## Qemu Configuration Reference
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### Optional:
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<%= partial "partials/builder/qemu/Config-not-required" %>
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## Boot Configuration Reference
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<%= partial "partials/common/bootcommand/VNCConfig" %>
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<%= partial "partials/common/bootcommand/BootConfig" %>
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### Optional:
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<%= partial "partials/common/bootcommand/VNCConfig-not-required" %>
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<%= partial "partials/common/bootcommand/BootConfig-not-required" %>
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### Troubleshooting
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Some users have experienced errors complaining about invalid keymaps. This
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seems to be related to having a `common` directory or file in the directory
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they've run Packer in, like the packer source directory. This appears to be an
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upstream bug with qemu, and the best solution for now is to remove the
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file/directory or run in another directory.
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Some users have reported issues with incorrect keymaps using qemu version 2.11.
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This is a bug with qemu, and the solution is to upgrade, or downgrade to 2.10.1
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or earlier.
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