diff --git a/lib/ansible/plugins/action/__init__.py b/lib/ansible/plugins/action/__init__.py
index f36c0a091fa..b719000f66a 100644
--- a/lib/ansible/plugins/action/__init__.py
+++ b/lib/ansible/plugins/action/__init__.py
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class ActionBase(ABC, _AnsiblePluginInfoMixin):
         self._display = display
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def run(self, tmp=None, task_vars=None):
+    def run(self, tmp: str | None = None, task_vars: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
         """ Action Plugins should implement this method to perform their
         tasks.  Everything else in this base class is a helper method for the
         action plugin to do that.
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class ActionBase(ABC, _AnsiblePluginInfoMixin):
         * Module parameters.  These are stored in self._task.args
         """
         # does not default to {'changed': False, 'failed': False}, as it used to break async
-        result = {}
+        result: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
 
         if tmp is not None:
             display.warning('ActionModule.run() no longer honors the tmp parameter. Action'
diff --git a/lib/ansible/plugins/action/script.py b/lib/ansible/plugins/action/script.py
index d7e3ca83a3d..0f2b2d49892 100644
--- a/lib/ansible/plugins/action/script.py
+++ b/lib/ansible/plugins/action/script.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import os
 import pathlib
 import re
 import shlex
+import typing as _t
 
 from ansible.errors import AnsibleError, AnsibleActionFail, AnsibleActionSkip
 from ansible.executor.powershell import module_manifest as ps_manifest
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ class ActionModule(ActionBase):
     # after chopping off a potential drive letter.
     windows_absolute_path_detection = re.compile(r'^(?:[a-zA-Z]\:)?(\\|\/)')
 
-    def run(self, tmp=None, task_vars=None):
+    def run(self, tmp: str | None = None, task_vars: dict[str, _t.Any] | None = None) -> dict[str, _t.Any]:
         """ handler for file transfer operations """
         if task_vars is None:
             task_vars = dict()
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ class ActionModule(ActionBase):
             self._fixup_perms2((self._connection._shell.tmpdir, tmp_src), execute=True)
 
             # add preparation steps to one ssh roundtrip executing the script
-            env_dict = dict()
+            env_dict: dict[str, _t.Any] = {}
             env_string = self._compute_environment_string(env_dict)
 
             if executable:
@@ -164,10 +165,10 @@ class ActionModule(ActionBase):
                 script_cmd = self._connection._shell.build_module_command(env_string='', shebang='#!powershell', cmd='')
 
             # now we execute script, always assume changed.
-            result = dict(self._low_level_execute_command(cmd=script_cmd, in_data=exec_data, sudoable=True, chdir=chdir), changed=True)
+            result: dict[str, object] = dict(self._low_level_execute_command(cmd=script_cmd, in_data=exec_data, sudoable=True, chdir=chdir), changed=True)
 
             if 'rc' in result and result['rc'] != 0:
-                raise AnsibleActionFail('non-zero return code', result=result)
+                result.update(msg='non-zero return code', failed=True)
 
             return result
         finally:
diff --git a/test/integration/targets/script/files/exit_1.sh b/test/integration/targets/script/files/exit_1.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f019ff95bab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/integration/targets/script/files/exit_1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+exit 1
diff --git a/test/integration/targets/script/tasks/main.yml b/test/integration/targets/script/tasks/main.yml
index 9eed2ce9947..25ff1aa4eed 100644
--- a/test/integration/targets/script/tasks/main.yml
+++ b/test/integration/targets/script/tasks/main.yml
@@ -58,6 +58,29 @@
       - "script_result0.rc == 0"
       - "script_result0.stdout == 'win'"
 
+- name: Basic non-zero RC
+  script: exit_1.sh
+  ignore_errors: true
+  register: non_zero_rc
+
+- name: Ensure non-zero RC result
+  assert:
+    that:
+      - non_zero_rc is failed
+      - non_zero_rc.rc == 1
+
+- name: Exercise failed_when on non-zero RC
+  script: exit_1.sh
+  register: non_zero_rc_failed_when
+  failed_when: false
+
+- name: Ensure failed_when executed
+  assert:
+    that:
+      - non_zero_rc_failed_when is success
+      - non_zero_rc_failed_when.rc == 1
+      - non_zero_rc_failed_when.failed_when_result is false
+
 - name: Execute a script with a space in the path
   script: "'space path/test.sh'"
   register: _space_path_test